Caesium-137 and Caesium-134 levels in soil in a tea plantation in Turkey after the chernobyl accident

doi:10.1016/0883-2889(89)90149-4

International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Volume 40, Issue 3, 1989, Pages 209-211

https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(89)90149-4 Get rights and content

Abstract

Gamma-ray scintillation spectrometry has been used to measure the ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs levels and depth distributions in soil of a tea plantation in the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey. Soil samples were collected in November 1987. The depth distribution was found to be exponential with α = 0.16 cm⁻¹ and the exposure rate arising therefrom is calculated as 17.46 μR/h over the ground surface.

References (3)

H.L. Beck
Health Phys.
(1966)

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Coupling the advection-dispersion equation with fully kinetic reversible/irreversible sorption terms to model radiocesium soil profiles in Fukushima Prefecture
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Citation Excerpt :
This facilitates the extraction of parameters characterizing the penetration of the contamination into the soil, such as relaxation masses per unit area. Yesin and Cakir (1989), Clouvas et al. (2013), Matsuda et al. (2015), Takahashi et al. (2015) and Malins et al. (2016) are examples of such studies after the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents. Compared to the single exponential, Antonopoulos-Domis et al. (1995) showed that depth profiles of Chernobyl radiocesium in Northern Greece were better fitted as the sum of two exponentials, corroborating experiments by Ohnuki and Tanaka (1989).
Radiocesium is an important environmental contaminant in fallout from nuclear reactor accidents and atomic weapons testing. A modified Diffusion-Sorption-Fixation (mDSF) model, based on the advection-dispersion equation, is proposed to describe the vertical migration of radiocesium in soils following fallout. The model introduces kinetics for the reversible binding of radiocesium. We test the model by comparing its results to depth profiles measured in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, since 2011. The results from the mDSF model are a better fit to the measurement data (as quantified by R²) than results from a simple diffusion model and the original DSF model. The introduction of reversible sorption kinetics means that the exponential-shape depth distribution can be reproduced immediately following fallout. The initial relaxation mass depth of the distribution is determined by the diffusion length, which depends on the distribution coefficient, sorption rate and dispersion coefficient. The mDSF model captures the long tails of the radiocesium distribution at large depths, which are caused by different rates for kinetic sorption and desorption. The mDSF model indicates that depth distributions displaying a peak in activity below the surface are possible for soils with high organic matter content at the surface. The mDSF equations thus offers a physical basis for various types of radiocesium depth profiles observed in contaminated environments.
The association of <sup>137</sup>Cs with various components of tea leaves fermented from Chernobyl contaminated green tea
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The distribution of ¹³⁷Cs among various components of fermented tea leaves harvested after the Chernobyl accident was investigated by applying a sequential extraction procedure. An association of the radioisotope with the phenolic moiety of a phenylglucoside was detected in black tea infusate using permeation chromatography as well as UV and NMR spectroscopy. The chemical structure of a ¹³⁷Cs containing compound also isolated from an artificially ¹³⁷Cs labelled aqueous extract of green leaves was compared to that of fermented tea leaves. The implications of the findings on the chemical forms of the radionuclide are discussed.
Investigation of the distribution of <sup>137</sup>Cs from fallout in the soils of the city of Lund and the province of Skane in Sweden
1998, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
The vertical and horizontal behaviour of the distribution of ¹³⁷Cs in soil taken from Skåne and Lund was determined using gamma spectroscopy on several bore cores. Samples were taken from 16 places in the province of Skåne and 16 sites in the town of Lund in the southern part of Sweden. The bore cores were sampled in a triangular pattern and sliced in 2–3-cm layers. The depth distribution of total ¹³⁷Cs activity, from nuclear weapons fallout and the deposition after the Chernobyl accident, was found by fitting the experimental points to a modified exponential function, and the relaxation lengths found were in accordance with previous measurements at other sites in Sweden with a higher deposition of Chernobyl caesium. The horizontal variation was found to be about 20% for the Lund samples and about 40% in the Skåne samples, which is in accordance with results found for similar investigations on sites with smaller horizontal scales.
Developmental toxicity of cesium in the mouse
1994, General Pharmacology
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  1. Maternal intake of 1 mEq CsCl in drinking water at conception until weaning the offspring mice resulted in certain maternal mediated neonatal and developmental toxicity.
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  2. Initial reduction in body and brain weights were determined in male offspring due to maternal exposure to Cs salt before they attained the control levels.
- 3.
  3. Offspring from both sexes showed increased spleen weight from control as a consequence of maternal exposure to Cs. This may precipitate delayed immunotoxicity.
- 4.
  4. Maternal Cs exposure did not alter litter size or specific activities of offspring heart lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from respective controls.
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  5. Maternal exposure to Cs altered specific activities of offspring liver alcohol- and aldehyde dehydrogenase during development compared to controls.
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  6. The results indicate neonatal and developmental toxicity of Cs as a function of maternal intake of CsCl during pregnancy and breast feeding.
Estimation of absorbed dose to evacuees at Pripyat-city using ESR measurements of sugar and exposure rate calculations
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The external absorbed doses in Pripyat-city resulting from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident have been evaluated from eight ordinary granulated sugar samples using the electron spin resonance method. The indoor and outdoor external doses to the people evacuated from Pripyat-city at about 36 h after the Chernobyl accident have been estimated using both data from the eight household sugar samples present in Pripyat-city prior to and during the accident and information on the type of buildings and survey-meter measurements of the exposure rates there. The absorbed dose to the evacuated people, as estimated from the exposure rates calculated in combination with the sugar dosimetry data, agree approximately with the reported average effective dose equivalent to such people, which was derived from both calculations and exposure-rate surveys. If each person in Pripyat-city could remember exactly the proportion of time spent indoors before being evacuated after the accident, the absorbed dose could roughly be estimated from the relationship between the documented external dose outdoors during the period between the accident and evacuation and the length of the period spent indoors by each individual prior to evacuation. It is suggested that as little as 1 g of sugar would be one of the most useful emergency dosimeters for people inside their dwellings, at least for absorbed doses greater than about 0.02 Gy.
Effect of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant accident on radiocesium distribution in tea fields in saitama prefecture: Intercultivar differences
2015, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Caesium-137 and Caesium-134 levels in soil in a tea plantation in Turkey after the chernobyl accident

Abstract

Health Phys.