Research paperAzimuthal sensitivity of rat pinna reflex: EMG recordings from cervicoauricular muscles
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Negative emotion-conditioned prepulse induces the attentional enhancement of prepulse inhibition in humans
2023, Behavioural Brain ResearchThe medial agranular cortex mediates attentional enhancement of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex
2020, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The startle reflex is a type of systemic and rapid whole-body reflective response in mammals. It can be triggered by a sudden burst of intense sensory stimulus, and serves as an important protective mechanism for survival with a wide range of inter-species commonalities [1–4]. The neural circuitry mediating the startle reflex includes the cochlear nucleus, vestibular, trigeminal nuclei, the caudal pontine reticular nucleus, and the spinal motor neurons [4–7], and is able to summate signals from different sensory modalities.
The role of the deeper layers of the superior colliculus in attentional modulations of prepulse inhibition
2019, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The startle reflex is a strong whole-body reflexive response that can be effectively elicited by sudden and intense sensory stimuli [1–3].
Gap-induced reductions of evoked potentials in the auditory cortex: A possible objective marker for the presence of tinnitus in animals
2018, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Despite potential workarounds to avoid possible pitfalls of the test (e.g. Longenecker and Galazyuk, 2012; Lobarinas et al., 2015), a more direct neural marker of tinnitus in animals would be a useful addition to the pre-existing tests. Perhaps more importantly, the reflex-based tests are likely mediated by brainstem circuits which may not directly involve the auditory cortex (Li and Frost, 1996; Gomez-Nieto et al., 2014). If auditory cortex is essential for the perception of tinnitus, behavioural deficits in a reflex-based task which does not require cortical activation may not directly reflect changes in cortical activity relating to the presence of tinnitus (Eggermont, 2013), although it should be noted that at commonly used gap durations (<50 ms) behavioural performance is still subject to descending cortical modulation (Ison et al., 1991; Threlkeld et al., 2008).
Perceived location specificity in perceptual separation-induced but not fear conditioning-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in rats
2014, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Since PPI can reduce the behavioral responses to disruptive stimuli by regulating the motor/premotor system, it has been widely used as an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. The primary neural circuitry mediating PPI is located in the brainstem ([6,7], for review see [8]), indicating that PPI is mainly an automatic process at pre-attentive stages. However, PPI can be modulated by attention to the prepulse in both humans and rats [9–20].
A novel behavioural approach to detecting tinnitus in the guinea pig
2013, Journal of Neuroscience MethodsCitation Excerpt :Like the WBS, the auditory-evoked pinna or Preyer reflex is an unconscious response (Bohmer, 1988). The neural circuitry mediating the Preyer reflex has also been defined; the cochlear nucleus (CN), superior olivary complex, and the inferior colliculus (IC) all play a role, as well as regions of the reticular nucleus and facial motor nuclei (Li and Frost, 1996). Furthermore, the variables that can change the reflex are well-understood, e.g., the length of the gap, delay between gap and startle stimulus, or drug intervention (Davis et al., 1993; Leitner et al., 1993; Swerdlow et al., 2001).