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Cited by (37)
The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review
2019, Drug and Alcohol DependenceCitation Excerpt :However, these studies were published over two decades ago, and therefore preference might—at least in part—reflect availability during this period. Route of administration might also determine one’s preference, given that temazepam (particularly the gel-filled capsule formulation) and flunitrazepam appear to be the most commonly injected benzodiazepines (Forsyth et al., 1993; Fountain et al., 1999; Fry and Miller, 2001; Fry et al., 2007; Fry and Bruno, 2002; Lavelle et al., 1991; Oyefeso et al., 1996; Strang et al., 1994; Sunjic and Howard, 1996; Williams et al., 1996). Recent studies from East Asia also report midazolam injection (Hayashi et al., 2013; Kerr et al., 2010; Ti et al., 2014; Van Griensven et al., 2005).
“I love having benzos after my coke shot”: The use of psychotropic medication among cocaine users in downtown Montreal
2017, International Journal of Drug PolicyCitation Excerpt :Little is known about patterns of prescription drug misuse among PWUC, particularly PM misuse. Earlier studies have examined the use of prescription tranquilizers (benzodiazepines) among people using drugs, but have mostly focused on opiate users (heroin users and methadone maintenance clients) in different parts of the world (Forsyth, Farquhar, Gemmell, Shewan, & Davies, 1993; Fountain, Griffiths, Farrell, Gossop, & Strang, 1999; Gelkopf, Bleich, Hayward, Bodner, & Adelson, 1999; Iguchi, Handelsman, Bickel, & Griffith, 1993). More recent studies have explored complex patterns of prescription and street drug co-use that include prescription opioids (PO) and a variety of PM in adolescent populations (Boyd, McCabe, Cranford, & Young, 2006; McCabe & Cranford, 2012; McCabe, West, & Boyd, 2013), persons who inject drugs (Courtney, Degenhardt, Bruno, Roxburgh, & Jenkinson, 2004; Johnson, Fibbi, Langer, Silva, & Lankenau, 2013; Lankenau et al., 2007, 2012b, 2012; Ojha, Sigdel, Meyer-Thompson, Oechsler, & Verthein, 2014), college students (McCabe, Teter, & Boyd, 2006; Quintero, Peterson, & Young, 2006; Quintero, 2009; Rabiner et al., 2009; White, Becker-Blease, & Grace-Bishop, 2006), nightclub goers (Kelly, Welles, Pawson, LeClair, & Parsons, 2014; Kurtz, Surratt, Levi-Minzi, & Mooss, 2011) and men who have sex with men (Benotsch, Martin, Koester, Cejka, & Luckman, 2011; Kecojevic et al., 2014; Kecojevic, Corliss, & Lankenau, 2015; Kelly & Parsons, 2013).
High enhancer, downer, withdrawal helper: Multifunctional nonmedical benzodiazepine use among young adult opioid users in New York City
2017, International Journal of Drug PolicyCitation Excerpt :National treatment admissions data from the U.S. reveal that, as rates of opioid use have increased, so too have rates of the co-use of opioids and benzodiazepines; admissions for the nonmedical co-use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines have increased by 569.7% from 2000 to 2010 (SAMHSA, 2012). Similarly, other researchers have documented frequent use of benzodiazepines among people who inject drugs (Bramness & Kornør, 2007; Darke, Ross, Teesson, & Lynskey, 2003; Darke et al., 2010; Dwyer, 2008; Evans, Halm, Lum, Stein, & Page, 2009; Forsyth, Farquhar, Gemmell, Shewan, & Davies, 1993; Fry & Bruno, 2002; Lavelle, Hammersley, Forsyth, & Bain, 1991; Smith, Tett, & Hall, 2010; Strang, Griffiths, Abbey, & Gossop, 1994). The nonmedical use of benzodiazepines among opioid users is a serious concern as benzodiazepines can markedly increase the harmful effects of opioids, particularly risk for fatal and non-fatal overdose (Chan, Stajic, Marker, Hoffman, & Nelson, 2006; Dietze, Jolley, Fry, & Bammer, 2005; Dilokthornsakul et al., 2016; Jann, Kennedy, & Lopez, 2014; Jones & McAninch, 2015; Kerr et al., 2007; Perret, Deglon, Kreek, Ho, & La Harpe, 2000; Toblin, Paulozzi, Logan, Hall, & Kaplan, 2010; White & Irvine, 1999).
Polydrug abuse: A review of opioid and benzodiazepine combination use
2012, Drug and Alcohol DependenceCitation Excerpt :Additional investigations have noted higher frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders in similar comparisons (Rooney et al., 1999; Ross and Darke, 2000). Opioid users who abuse BZDs have also been shown to report behaviors associated with increased risk of contracting HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV) such as: injecting more frequently, sharing injecting equipment more often and with more people (Breen et al., 2004; Darke et al., 1992, 1995; Forsyth et al., 1993; Kintz, 2001; Klee et al., 1990). However studies directly comparing the prevalence of blood-borne diseases between opioid abusers who co-abuse BZDs and those who do not are few, and have reported conflicting results.
Abuse and dependence liability of benzodiazepine-type drugs: GABA<inf>A</inf> receptor modulation and beyond
2008, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorIntra-ventral tegmental area heroin-induced place preferences in rats are potentiated by peripherally administered alprazolam
2005, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior