Geochemistry of a silicified, felsic volcaniclastic suite from the early Archaean Panorama Formation, Pilbara Block, Western Australia: an evaluation of depositional and post-depositional processes with special emphasis on the rare-earth elements
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Source and sink evolution of a Permian–Triassic rift–drift basin in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Perspectives on sedimentary geochemistry and heavy mineral analysis
2019, Journal of Asian Earth SciencesCitation Excerpt :On the WIP–CIA diagram, the sedimentary rocks of the Middle–Upper Triassic Xiaoquangou Group have a weak decrease in WIP combined with higher quartz contents, displaying some effects of sedimentary recycling (Fig. 7). Postdepositional diagenetic alteration usually forms clay minerals, such as illite, chlorite, and kaolinite, and carbonate minerals, leading to the movement of K, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Al (Cullers et al., 1993; Fedo et al., 1995). Most of the sedimentary rocks have no or minor correlations with MgO, Na2O and Fe2O3T on the PCA biplots (Fig. 3), and these samples define weathering trends subparallel to the A–CN boundary on the A–CN–K diagram (Fig. 6); in addition, their low K2O/Na2O and SiO2/Al2O3 ratios suggest insignificant K-metasomatism, illitization and chloritization.
Age and chemical composition of Archean metapelites in the Zhongxiang Complex and implications for early crustal evolution of the Yangtze Craton
2018, LithosCitation Excerpt :The generally high PIA value (92.87–96.55; calculated from Wang et al. (2013a)) possibly indicates a higher degree of source weathering for the quartz schists than the metapelites. The more uniform and lower SiO2/Al2O3 (3.34–4.09) and K2O/Na2O (1.32–3.61) ratios of the metapelites compared to the quartz schists (SiO2/Al2O3 = 6.61–12.58, K2O/Na2O = 32.10–79.75; Wang et al., 2013a) further suggest less intense post-depositional silicification and K-metasomatism of the protoliths of the metapelites, relative to the quartz schists (Cullers et al., 1993). These observations indicate that primary geochemical signatures are better retained in the metapelites than quartz schists of the Yangpo “Group”.
Earth's Oldest Rocks
2018, Earth's Oldest RocksThe oldest known paleosol profiles on Earth: 3.46 Ga Panorama Formation, Western Australia
2018, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, PalaeoecologyCitation Excerpt :These were parent materials to most of the paleosols recognized: Ngumpu, Jurl and Wanta pedotypes. Evidence that the parent tuffs formed a well-drained volcanic apron comes from facies analysis using observations such as accretionary lapilli (van Kranendonk, 2000), and measurements such as paleocurrents and stratigraphic thickness variations (Cullers et al., 1993). Calcareous sands capped by Nganga paleosols have cross bedding 1.5 m thick (Fig. 2C), which may have been coastal eolian dunes with as much relief.
Geochemical study of the Cambrian-Ordovician meta-sedimentary rocks from the northern altai-mongolian terrane, northwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications on the provenance and tectonic setting
2014, Journal of Asian Earth SciencesCitation Excerpt :Apart from sedimentary sorting and chemical weathering, diagenesis after sedimentation can also affect the geochemical compositions of sedimentary rocks. Usually silicification and K-metasomatism are regarded as the two most important geological processes during diagenesis (Cullers et al., 1993; Fedo et al., 1995), when Ca, Mg and Na, as well as minor Fe and Sr would be removed while Si and K would possibly be added (Cullers et al., 1993; Long et al., 2008). The low-SiO2 samples from the northern AM show relatively restrict SiO2/Al2O3 (2.60–6.07; Table 1), and K2O/Na2O ratios (0.34–1.48; Table 1) and negative correlation between SiO2 and K2O (Fig. 6f).
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