Adrenocortical activity during conditions of brief social separation in preweaning rats
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Chill out: Environmentally relevant cooling challenge does not increase telomere loss during early life
2022, General and Comparative EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Activation of an array of physiological mediators associated with stress responses is responsible, in part, for allostatic outcomes. These mediators include the hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, which results in a rise in glucocorticoids following exposure to stressors during critical periods of development (Hennessy and Weinberg, 1990; Lynn and Kern, 2014; Pravosudov and Kitaysky, 2006; Rensel et al., 2010; Schoech et al., 2011), and other cellular responses such as heat shock responses, catecholamine release, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress (see Wada, 2019 for a review). Because many of these mediators promote cellular damage, and others prevent it, the balance of their activation in young animals in response to adverse conditions may either have deleterious or beneficial fitness consequences over the life course, depending on circumstances such as developmental stage, prior experience, or parental behavior (Wada, 2019).
Interactions of body temperature and nutritional status on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in pre-thermoregulatory eastern bluebird chicks (Sialia sialis)
2018, General and Comparative EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In vertebrate animals, exposure of developing young to noxious or threatening stimuli can profoundly shape their morphology, physiology, and behavior throughout life, with the potential to impact fitness. Many of these effects are mediated in part by activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which produces a substantial rise in glucocorticoids following exposure to such stimuli during critical periods of development (Hennessy and Weinberg, 1990; Lynn and Kern, 2014; Pravosudov and Kitaysky, 2006; Rensel et al., 2010; Schoech et al., 2011). Elevations of glucocorticoids early in life can alter a variety of phenotypic characteristics in developing young (Lindström, 1999; Love et al., 2013; Monaghan, 2008; Schoech et al., 2011).
Social support does not require attachment: Any conspecific tranquilizes isolated guinea-pig pups
2015, Applied Animal Behaviour ScienceCitation Excerpt :Infants frequently show signs of distress when separated from their mothers (Ainsworth et al., 1978; Harlow and Harlow, 1965) such as vocalizations, changes in locomotion and in self-directed behavior. Such reactions which diminish or stop when the contact with the mother is restored are commonly taken as indicating the existence and intensity of mother–child attachment in both humans (Ainsworth et al., 1978; Bowlby, 1984) and other mammals (Hennessy and Weinberg, 1990; Wiener et al., 1990). Isolating guinea pig pups increase the production of high-pitched whistles and cortisol levels.
Inoculation stress hypothesis of environmental enrichment
2015, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :The case that many researchers make is that isolation itself is a stressor, and as such should not be used as a control. Indeed, many studies have shown that maternal separation (isolating pups from dam) and neonatal isolation (isolating pups from dam and other pups) are significant stressors, evoking ultrasonic vocalizations and inducing CORT release in pups (Hennessy and Weinberg, 1990; Kehne et al., 1991; Kuhn et al., 1990; Levine et al., 1991; McCormick et al., 1998; Viau et al., 1996). In addition, acute isolation of group-housed rats also induces CORT, which is taken as a clear indication of stress (Takatsu-Coleman et al., 2013).
Social buffering of the stress response: Diversity, mechanisms, and functions
2009, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In the laboratory rat, pups are born in such an immature state that they initially can do little but elicit maternal care with specific auditory, olfactory, and tactile signals. But as the pups become more mobile, and they begin to assume greater responsibility for maintaining contact with the mother, development of social buffering of the infant by the mother develops as well, emerging it seems during about the third week of life [49,60,128]. To emphasize that the mother’s influence appears to reflect the attraction or attachment that the young evince for her, it is important to reiterate the finding that for titi monkey infants, which show a greater attraction for their father than mother, it is the father that is clearly most effective at buffering plasma cortisol responses to novelty [67].
Sit down and stay here! Transport response elicitation modulates subsequent activity in rat pups
2008, Behavioural Processes
The work was supported by Grants BNS-8701620 and 8822240 from the National Science Foundation and a Biomedical Sciences Seed Grant from Wright State University to M.B.H., and by Grants MA-8040 and MA-9730 from the Medical Research Council of Canada to J.W. Portions of these data were presented at the 1988 meeting of the Midwest Psychological Association.
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The authors thank Anne Tamborski, Susan Suchy, Kevin Fung, and Gretta D'Alquen for technical assistance, and Sally Mendoza for her helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.