Correlates of metacontrast in single cells of the cat visual system
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Cited by (46)
The 72-year-old grad student
2018, Consciousness and CognitionVisual masking: Contributions from and comments on Bruce Bridgeman
2018, Consciousness and CognitionCitation Excerpt :That research helped shed light on the mechanisms likely involved in masking not indirectly, but directly. One of the first seminal studies capitalized on curarized (immobilized) cats as perceivers and recorded neuronal discharges at different levels of the processing hierarchy while animals were stimulated by targets and masks typically used in human studies (Bridgeman, 1975). Responses of neurons were divided into two groups: with 0–160 ms latency and 160–260 ms latency.
Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Conscious Processing
2011, NeuronCitation Excerpt :In the 1960s already, ERP studies showed that early visual activation can be fully preserved during masking (Schiller and Chorover, 1966). This early finding has been supported by animal electrophysiology (Bridgeman, 1975, 1988; Kovács et al., 1995; Lamme et al., 2002; Rolls et al., 1999) and by essentially all recent ERP and MEG studies (Dehaene et al., 2001; Del Cul et al., 2007; Fahrenfort et al., 2007; Koivisto et al., 2006, 2009; Lamy et al., 2009; Melloni et al., 2007; Railo and Koivisto, 2009; van Aalderen-Smeets et al., 2006). Evidence from the attentional blink also confirms that the first 200 ms of initial visual processing can be fully preserved on trials in which subjects deny seeing a stimulus (Sergent et al., 2005; Vogel et al., 1998) (see Figure 2).
Backward masking suppresses collinear facilitation in the visual cortex
2009, Vision ResearchChapter 11 Visual masking approaches to visual awareness
2006, Progress in Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Our physiological studies of forward and backward masking, moreover, showed that the neural correlate of forward masking is the inhibition of the onset-response, and the neural correlate of backward masking is the inhibition of the after-discharge (Fig. 9). These results were consistent with observations from previous physiological studies (Schiller, 1968; Bridgeman, 1975; Bridgeman, 1980; Judge et al., 1980), although these studies had not drawn conclusions about the role of the after-discharge. We proposed that the neural correlates of the temporal edges of targets were transient bursts of spikes of the onset-response and after-discharge: the suppression of these transient responses correlated to invisibility during visual masking.
Visibility reflects dynamic changes of effective connectivity between V1 and fusiform cortex
2005, NeuronCitation Excerpt :The brief nature of our stimuli and the masking procedure (that varied mask SOA over a few tens of milliseconds) are not inconsistent with our observation of a change in coupling between fMRI signals that vary more slowly. Not only do neural responses to brief stimuli typically extend for several hundred milliseconds, but neural signals associated with metacontrast masking can be observed well beyond the offset of the stimulus (Bridgeman, 1975; Bridgeman, 1980). Such long-lasting visibility-associated signals have been previously proposed to represent the consequences of recurrent interactions between visual areas (see Francis, 2000, for a review) that evolve over several hundred milliseconds.
Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. The experiments were done in collaboration with R. Eckmiller. Interpretations of the data are the responsibility of the author. An abstract of some of this work has appeared (Bridgeman and Eckmiller, 1972). Some of the data processing was performed at the University of California, Santa Cruz.