Lipids and fatty acids of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(73)90050-4

Journal of Insect Physiology

Volume 19, Issue 9, September 1973, Pages 1817-1823

https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(73)90050-4 Get rights and content

Abstract

The lipids of the adults and of several immature stages of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, were studied after they were fed natural corn stalks or artificial diets. Linoleic acid (18:2) was the major fatty acid of the neutral lipids in both the natural and the artificial diets, but aleic acid (18:1) was the principal neutral lipid in all insect stages. Also, linoleic acid and oleic acid were the principal acids in the insect phospholipids of all stages. The content of linoleic acid in the natural diet was also high, but that in the artificial diet appeared to be much too low for insect requirements. Phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) were the major phospholipids in all growth stages. Thus, in larvae diapausing in the field, the unsaturated fatty acid content of PC was 59·3 per cent, primarily 16:1 and 18:1, and PE was 87·4 per cent, primarily 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3, and the fatty acids in the number 1- and 2-positions of PC were 53·6 and 97·2 per cent unsaturated, respectively. The haemolymph of diapausing southwestern corn borer larvae contained primarily glycerides but also had some PC and PE. Fat body from diapausing larvae contained primarily 16:0, 16:1, and 18:1 in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 2. Thus lipids of the southwestern corn borer do not reflect dietary lipids as closely as do other insects studied.

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There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

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Fat body of Prorhinotermes simplex (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): Ultrastructure, inter-caste differences and lipid composition
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Ultrastructure of the fat body was studied in following castes and developmental stages of Prorhinotermes simplex: larvae of the first and the second instar, pseudergates, presoldiers, soldiers, nymphs, imagoes and mature ergatoid neotenic reproductives of both sexes. Fat body always consists of two principal cell types: adipocytes and urocytes. Adipocytes are characterized by a presence of large amounts of storage substances, namely lipid droplets, glycogen rosettes and proteins in the form of either biocrystals or vacuoles. Proportion of these components strongly varies during ontogeny. Adipocytes are equipped by a large central vacuole in which lipid droplets may resolve. Cytoplasm of urocytes contain glycogen rosettes and spherical or irregular concretions, other organelles are rare. Only adipocytes change their inner structure in the course of ontogeny: amount of glycogen decreases during the postembryonic development, it is the major kind of inclusion in the larvae but lacks in nymphs and imagoes; opposite trend is performed by lipids. The changes in protein content are less obvious but are explained and discussed. The total amount of triacylglycerols (TAGs) was found to be roughly 100 μg in a pseudergate, 250 μg in a nymph, and 30 μg in a soldier. The most abundant fatty acids in TAGs are oleic (O), stearic (S), palmitic (P) and linoleic (L) acid. TAGs form a complex mixture with OOO, OPO, OLO and OOS being the most abundant isomers. Only negligible differences exist among the castes.
Analysis of triacylglycerols in fat body of bumblebees by chromatographic methods
2006, Journal of Chromatography A
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) from the fat body of several bumblebee species (Bombus lucorum, B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. hypnorum, B. hortorum, and B. confusus) were studied using chromatographic techniques. Semi-preparative thin-layer chromatography was used to isolate the TAGs from the tissue extract. Gas chromatography (GC) enabled us to identify the fatty acids (FAs) that form bumblebee TAGs and to quantify their relative proportions. The TAGs were subsequently analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. Two chromatographic systems, including non-aqueous reversed-phase chromatography and silver ion chromatography on cation exchange resin in silver (I) ionic form, were optimised and their performance compared. The most abundant fatty acids in bumblebees TAGs contained 18 or 16 carbon atoms; oleic acid predominated in most samples. TAGs were found to be a complex mixture of isomers; some of them, e.g. OLnO, PLnO, PoPoO, PoPoP, POO, or OOO (where Po is palmitoleic, P is palmitic, Ln is linolenic, and O is oleic acid) were abundant in particular species. The composition of both FAs and TAGs was found to be species-specific. Only minor differences were found among specimens of the same species.
Effects of fungal food quality and starvation on the fatty acid composition of Protaphorura fimata (Collembola)
2004, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
The lipid pattern of animals is influenced by species, life stage, environmental conditions and diet. We investigated the effects of food quality and starvation on the phospholipid (PLFA) and neutral lipid (NLFA) fatty acid pattern of the collembolan Protaphorura fimata. Collembolans were fed with two common soil fungi, Agrocybe gibberosa and Chaetomium globosum, of which the cellular lipid composition was analysed. A. gibberosa was grown on agar with different nitrogen contents, resulting in altered fatty acid patterns and C:N ratios, i.e. fungi of different food quality. Collembolans did not mirror the lipid composition of the fungal diet as the pattern of major NLFAs in P. fimata was vice versa. Presumably, altered food quality of fungi caused compensatory responses by the collembolans, thereby diminishing the fungal signal. In a further experiment P. fimata (previously maintained with C. globosum) was kept without food for up to 4 weeks. Starvation resulted in a decline in the total amount of NLFAs; however, it did not affect the fatty acid pattern, indicating that NLFAs were degraded indiscriminately. Generally, the PLFA profile of the collembolans changed only slightly due to variations in diet quality or starvation.
Lipid content and fatty acid composition of larvae and adults of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, as affected by larval diet
1984, Journal of Insect Physiology
Eight fatty acids were found in the food, larvae and adults of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, with C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 accounting for over 90% of the total. Fatty acid composition of the larvae tended to reflect that of their food. The most striking differences were the high percentages of C18:1 and C18:2 and the low percentage of C18:3 in the artificial diet and artificial diet-reared larvae compared to the foliage of three species of legume food plants (soybean, Glycine max; pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan; and hairy indigo, Indigofera hirsuta) and foliage-reared larvae. Lipid content (%dw) declined during metamorphosis from mature larva to adult with diet-reared larvae and adults exhibiting significantly higher lipid contents than foliage-reared insects. Regardless of larval food, newly eclosed adults tended to exhibit a decrease in the % of C18:3, and increases in C16:0 and C18:1 compared to larvae. Larval diet clearly influenced the fatty acid composition of larvae and adults, but only the % of C18:2 did not change between food, larvae and adults.
Relationship of lipoproteins present in the larval haemolymph of the Southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, to feeding and diapause
1981, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and
- 1.
  1. The functional properties of 3 lipoprotein fractions, designated lipoproteins 2–4, 5, and 8–9, were examined in the haemolymph of feeding and diapausing larvae of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella.
- 2.
  2. The lipid composition of the 3 fractions varied in last instar diapause-programmed larvae, reflecting a change from the feeding and storage of lipids in pre-diapausing larvae to the utilization of lipids during diapause.
- 3.
  3. Lipoproteins 2–4 and 5 carried diglycerides as their major neutral lipid class, whereas lipoprotein 8–9 carried free fatty acids, triglycerides, hydrocarbons, and polar lipids as its major lipid classes.
- 4.
  4. Lipoprotein 5 of early diapausing larvae fed corn tissue contained plant-derived pigments, including a derivative of α-carotene.
- 5.
  5. Lipoprotein 8–9 was released in vitro from the fat body, and constituted a major protein fraction of the haemolymph of larvae, pupae, and adults.
- 6.
  6. The protein components of lipoprotein 8–9 had the following characteristics: apparent molecular weights of about $5.2 × 10^{5}$ ; isoelectric points of 5.5 and 5.65; and aspartate, glutamate, tyrosine and phenylalanine as their principal amino acids.
The effect of temperature on the rate of metabolism of lipids and glycogen in diapausing southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella
1981, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology
- 1.
  1. Diapausing southwestern corn borer larvae lost dry weight 3–5 times faster at 16°C compared to those held at 4 C. Fresh weight of larvae held at 16 C increased and that of the 4°C larvae decreased.
- 2.
  2. Total body fatty acid calories of larvae held at 21°C for 60 days decreased. Elevation of the temperature to 27°C increased the rate almost 200%. The fatty acid metabolism of larvae held at 4°C for 60 days, then elevated to 27 C was arrested.
- 3.
  3. The rate of change in DNA and RNA contents was not significantly different in all laboratory tests. However, field diapausing larvae showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) compared to laboratory test larvae.

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^☆: Presented at the National meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Ottawa, Canada, 1972.

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Journal of Insect Physiology

Abstract

References (12)

Polyunsaturated fatty acid and sterol requirements of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella

J. Insect Physiol.

A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue

J. biol. Chem.

Positional distribution of fatty acids in fish and other animal lecithins

Biochem. biophys. Acta

Constituents of the boll weevil—III. Lipids and fatty acids of pupae subcellular particles

Comp. Biochem. Physiol.

Nutrition of the adult boll weevil: lipid requirement

J. Insect Physiol.

Morphology of the reproductive systems of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella

Ann. ent. Soc. Am.

Cited by (11)

Fat body of Prorhinotermes simplex (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): Ultrastructure, inter-caste differences and lipid composition

Analysis of triacylglycerols in fat body of bumblebees by chromatographic methods

Effects of fungal food quality and starvation on the fatty acid composition of Protaphorura fimata (Collembola)

Lipid content and fatty acid composition of larvae and adults of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, as affected by larval diet

Relationship of lipoproteins present in the larval haemolymph of the Southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, to feeding and diapause

The effect of temperature on the rate of metabolism of lipids and glycogen in diapausing southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella

Lipids and fatty acids of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella☆

Abstract

J. Insect Physiol.

J. biol. Chem.

Biochem. biophys. Acta

Comp. Biochem. Physiol.

J. Insect Physiol.

Morphology of the reproductive systems of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella

Ann. ent. Soc. Am.