Immunity to Trichinella spiralis in irradiated mice

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(80)90062-4

International Journal for Parasitology

Volume 10, Issue 1, February 1980, Pages 37-41

https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(80)90062-4 Get rights and content

Abstract

Irradiation prevented the accelerated expulsion of Trichinella spiralis from mice immunized by transfer of immune mesenteric lymph node cells (IMLNC) or by prior infection. Nevertheless, worms in irradiated immune mice were smaller and less fecund than those in controls. In adoptively immunized and irradiated mice expulsion could not be achieved by increasing the numbers of IMLNC transferred, although the effect upon worm length was more severe. Thus IMLNC express a direct, anti-worm immunity which is independent of their role in worm expulsion. IMLNC cause expulsion in irradiated mice only when adequate levels of bone marrow-derived cells are available. The results are discussed in terms of a possible antibody-mediated basis for direct anti-worm immunity.

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Cited by (20)

An appraisal of Luffa aegyptiaca extract and its isolated triterpenoidal saponins in Trichinella spiralis murine models
2022, Arabian Journal of Chemistry
Citation Excerpt :
T. spiralis adult worms were isolated from the small intestines of infected untreated mice six days post-infection (p.i.). The intestine was washed, opened longitudinally along its entire length, cut into small pieces 2 cm each, and placed in normal saline at 37 °C for 3–4 h to allow the worms to migrate out of the tissue (Wakelin and Margaret, 1980). T. spiralis adult worms (30 parasites per well) were cultured in a 24-well tissue culture plate prepared with an incubation medium consisting of RPMI-1640 Medium (containing 20% fetal bovine serum, 200 U/ml penicillin, and 200 μg/ml streptomycin).
Trichinella spiralis is an intestinal and tissue parasitic nematode, emerging and re-emerging causative agent of a serious foodborne parasitic infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Luffa aegyptiaca leaf extract and its triterpene glycosides on the intestinal and muscle stages of T. spiralis infection in vitro and in vivo. Phytochemical investigations of the extract led to the isolation of five compounds, namely (1) 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-16-O-β-hydroxyolea12-en 23, 28-β-d-diglucopyranoside ester, (2) 3β-hydroxylolea12-en-28-oic acid (Oleanoic acid), (3) oleanolic acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-glucopyranoside, (4) 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-28-β-d-glucopyranosyl oleanolate, and (5) stigmast-5, 22-dien-3-O-β-d-glucopyrano-side. Moreover, the in vitro study showed marked degeneration and destruction of adult worms and larval teguments with tested drugs. Also, in the in vivo study, mice were divided into six groups; group I: infected and untreated, group II: received leaf extract as prophylaxis, group III: infected and treated with leaf extract, group IV: treated with compound (4), group V: treated with compound (1), and group VI: treated with albendazole. Furthermore, the treatment efficacy was assessed by the adult and total larval counts, histopathological study of the small intestinal and muscle tissues, and immunohistochemical staining of CD34 in muscles. The results revealed a significant reduction of total adult and larval counts in prophylactic and treated groups compared to the positive control group, with a reduction of total adult count by 63.48% and 74.4% in compound (1) and compound (4) treated groups, respectively. Also, a reduction was detected in larval counts by 36.5%, and 93.6% in compound (1) and compound (4) treated groups during both the muscular and intestinal phases, respectively.
Additionally, histopathological examination of the small intestine and muscles showed marked improvement with a reduction in the inflammatory infiltrates in treated groups. CD34 expressions were reduced in treated groups with more reduction in compound (4) treated group. In conclusion, this study implies that L. aegyptiaca leaf extract and its tested triterpene glycosides might be used for anti-trichinellosis treatments.
Immune expulsion of parasitic nematodes from the alimentary tract
1989, International Journal for Parasitology
The protective mucosal response against gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and laboratory animals
1984, Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
Trichinella spiralis: Role of non-H-2 genes in resistance to primary infection in mice
1983, Experimental Parasitology
Two strains of mice which share identical H-2 genes but differ in their genetic backgrounds were compared for their ability to resist infection with Trichinella spiralis. The two strains of mice, C3HeB/FeJ and AKR/J, share the H-2^k haplotype which is associated with susceptibility to primary infection with T. spiralis in H-2 congenic strains of mice. AKR/J mice, infected with 150 infective muscle larvae, harbored significantly fewer muscle larvae 30 days postinfection than did mice of the strain C3HeB/FeJ. Approximately equal numbers of worms establish in the small intestine of AKR and C3H mice, but the AKR mice expelled adult worms from the gut more rapidly than did mice of the C3H strain. By Day 9 postinfection, 50% of the worms had been expelled by the AKR mice whereas expulsion of worms from C3H mice was delayed beyond Day 9 and occurred primarily between Days 10 and 12. Over this same experimental period (Days 6–12), fecundity of female worms from AKR mice, measured as the mean newborn larvae/female/hour, was approximately one-half that of worms taken from C3H mice. These results support the conclusion that genes outside of the mouse H-2 complex regulate expulsion of adult worms from the gut. These background genes also markedly influence the fecundity of female worms.
Nematospiroides dubius: Effect of infection on lymphocyte responses to Trichinella spiralis in mice
1982, Experimental Parasitology
In mice concurrently infected with Nematospiroides dubius and Trichinella spiralis, survival of the latter was prolonged and spontaneous cure delayed. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells taken from such mice failed to transfer a significant degree of immunity to T. spiralis after injection into recipients, whereas cells from mice infected with T. spiralis alone did so successfully. Conversely, when recipients of T. spiralis-immune cells were concurrently infected with larval or adult N. dubius, immunity was expressed as a reduction in size and fecundity of female T. spiralis, but there was no accelerated worm expulsion. Infection with N. dubius prevented the normal cellular responses to T. spiralis, i.e., there was no increase in total MLN cell recovery, instead a marked decrease occurred, and there was no increase in blast cell activity over the level in mice infected with N. dubius alone. In addition N. dubius delayed the onset of the changes which allow increased blast cell localization in the intestines of T. spiralis-infected mice.
Characterization of an in vitro proliferation response to solubilized Trichinella spiralis antigens: Role of Ia antigens and Ly-1<sup>+</sup> T cells
1982, Cellular Immunology
An antigen extract from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae was prepared and used to immunize strains of mice which were either relatively resistant (B10.S) or susceptible (B10.BR) to oral infection with T. spiralis larvae. Proliferation of cells from the draining lymph nodes was then measured in vitro after stimulation with the T. spiralis extract as well as appropriate control antigens. Primed cells from resistant B10.S mice responded better to challenge than did cells from the susceptible B10.BR strain. Cell-depletion experiments involving B10.S cells indicated that the in vitro cell proliferation response is dependent upon Ly-1⁺ T cells. The data were also consistent with a requirement for Ly-1⁺, -2⁺, and -3⁺ amplifier cells. Administration of anti-I^s serum to the cultures specifically inhibited (nearly 75%) the cell proliferation response. The potential applications of this system as a tool in immunogenetic analyses of immunity to T. spiralis are discussed.

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International Journal for Parasitology

Abstract

References (19)

Trichinella spiralis: facteurs immunitaires inhibiteurs de la production de larves. II. Première analyse in vitro des facteurs humoraux et sécrétaires actifs chez la souris, le rat, et le miniporc infestés ou immunisés

Experimental Parasitology

Immunity to Trichinella spiralis. I. Transfer of resistance by two classes of lymphocytes

Immunology

The in vivo and in vitro analysis of immunity to Trichinella spiralis in mice and rats

Parasitology

Immunity to Trichinella spiralis. II. Expression of immunity against adult worms

Immunology

Expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from the intestine of rats: the role of a cellular component derived from bone marrow

International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology

The gut-associated lymphoid system: nature and properties of the large dividing cells

European Journal of Immunology

Expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from the intestine of rats: evidence for a third component in the rejection mechanism

International Archives for Allergy and Applied Immunology

Transplantation of adult Trichinella spiralis between hosts: worm survival and immunological characteristics of the host-parasite relationship

Parasitology

The immune mechanism which expels the intestinal stage of Trichinella spiralis from rats

Immunology

Cited by (20)

An appraisal of Luffa aegyptiaca extract and its isolated triterpenoidal saponins in Trichinella spiralis murine models

Immune expulsion of parasitic nematodes from the alimentary tract

The protective mucosal response against gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and laboratory animals

Trichinella spiralis: Role of non-H-2 genes in resistance to primary infection in mice

Nematospiroides dubius: Effect of infection on lymphocyte responses to Trichinella spiralis in mice

Characterization of an in vitro proliferation response to solubilized Trichinella spiralis antigens: Role of Ia antigens and Ly-1<sup>+</sup> T cells