Three-dimensional representation and cortical projection topography of the nucleus basalis (Ch4) in the macaque: concurrent demonstration of choline acetyltransferase and retrograde transport with a stabilized tetramethylbenzidine method for horseradish peroxidase
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Cited by (93)
Degeneration of the cholinergic system in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: A systematic review
2024, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsAlterations and interactions of subcortical modulatory systems in Alzheimer's disease
2021, Progress in Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The pedunculopontine nucleus (Ch5) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (Ch6) project to the thalamus and are involved in control of sleep-wake cycle (Baghdoyan et al., 1984; Mesulam et al., 1983). The medial habenular nucleus (Ch7) sends axons to the interpeduncular nucleus, while the parabigeminal nucleus (Ch8) innervates the the superior colliculus (Mesulam et al., 1986; Mufson et al., 1986). A severe degeneration of ACh neurons in NBM has been well documented in AD (Whitehouse et al., 1981).
Cholinergic white matter pathways make a stronger contribution to attention and memory in normal aging than cerebrovascular health and nucleus basalis of Meynert
2020, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :However, it is the cholinergic neurons located in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM, Ch4) that provide the major cholinergic input to cortical areas, and have stronger involvement in cognition. The identification of the cholinergic cell bodies that innervate the cerebral cortex was made possible by visualization of the hydrolytic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (Mesulam and Van Hoesen, 1976) and by immunolabeling with the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) (Mesulam et al., 1986). More recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate the characteristics of the cholinergic BF in vivo using automated volumetric measurements of the BF structure.
Longitudinal Alzheimer's Degeneration Reflects the Spatial Topography of Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Projections
2018, Cell ReportsCitation Excerpt :These morphological properties increase vulnerability to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, perturbed energy homeostasis, and accumulation of misfolded proteins (Lewis et al., 2010; Mattson and Magnus, 2006; Wang et al., 2010). The magnocellular cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) are known to have very large projections, targeting distal areas of the cortical mantle and amygdalae via multiple routes such as the cingulum bundle (Bloem et al., 2014; Chandler et al., 2013; Hecker and Mesulam, 1994; Kondo and Zaborszky, 2016; Mesulam et al., 1983a, 1986; Zaborszky et al., 2015). Precise estimates of their size have been difficult to obtain due to the complexity of their axonal branching.
Neuromodulation of Attention
2018, NeuronCitation Excerpt :The cortically projecting cholinergic system, arising in the basal forebrain (BF), has long been associated with different cognitive functions, such as arousal, attention, learning, memory, and even consciousness (Everitt and Robbins, 1997; Hasselmo and Sarter, 2011; Sarter and Bruno, 1997). However, its contribution to attention has been challenged, on the basis that BF cholinergic projections to the cortex lack spatial specificity (Mesulam et al., 1986; Sarter et al., 2009) and temporal precision (Sarter et al., 2009) and are strongly involved in global brain state changes (Lee and Dan, 2012; Moran et al., 2013; Varela, 2014), such as transitions from sleep to wakefulness, or from quiet wakefulness to active exploration (Harris and Thiele, 2011; Vanderwolf, 1988). These enduring states are assumed to be driven by changes in tonic and burst (phasic) activity levels of BF cholinergic neurons (Lee et al., 2005).
Developmental alterations of the septohippocampal cholinergic projection in a lissencephalic mouse model
2015, Experimental NeurologyCitation Excerpt :On the contrary at P0 we observed an increase in NeuN-positive cells in the MS/vDB, which suggest an early maturation of MS/vDB neurons in Lis1/sLis1 mutant mice, and coincides with the higher increase of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons at this postnatal stage. It was suggested that about 90% of the neurons that project to the neocortex are cholinergic, although this ratio would be smaller for septohippocampal cells (50–70%; Rye et al., 1984; Mesulam et al., 1986). Other studies, however, showed that the proportion of cholinergic cells could be as low as 30% in the MS/vDB (Zaborszky et al., 1999).
Supported in part by the ADRDA Faculty Scholar Award (to E.J.M.), the Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award; the McKnight Foundation, an Alzheimer's Research Center NIA AG05134, NS-17661 and HD-04583.
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We want to thank Leah Christie, Terry Martin, Rick Plourde and Marcia Williams for expert secretarial, technical and artistic assistance. We also want to thank Dr. D.B. Rye who helped us with the histochemical and immunohistochemical preparations.