Environmental conditions modulate degeneration and new dendrite growth in cerebellum of senescent rats
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2022, Annals of AnatomyCitation Excerpt :Enrichment of the captive environment increases the relative cerebellar volumes of the steelhead fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Kihslinger and Nevitt, 2006). Moreover, Purkinje cells of reared rats stimulated with diverse sensory and motor inputs have more spines than those reared in standard laboratory conditions (Greenough et al., 1986). Besides, motor activity increases the Purkinje cells number (Larsen et al., 2000) and promote angiogenesis in the cerebellar cortex in rats (Black et al., 1990).
Environmental enrichment leads to behavioral circadian shifts enhancing brain-wide functional connectivity between sensory cortices and eliciting increased hippocampal spiking
2022, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :Environmental enrichment (EE) induces structural changes in the brain (Kempermann et al., 1995; Clemenson et al., 2015), which result in learning improvements (Greenough et al., 1972) that have been shown to impede the effects of senescence (Greenough et al., 1986).
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2013, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :The animal literature shows cognitive benefits and neural reorganization from exercise in older rodents, for example effects of long-term voluntary exercise in running wheels (Nithianantharajah and Hannan, 2009; van Praag et al., 2000) and treadmill training (Aguiar et al., 2011; Gomez-Pinilla et al., 1998). In addition to exercise, environmental enrichment has induced changes in dendritic structure among middle-aged rats (Green et al., 1983) and in spiny branchlets of cerebellar Purkinje neurons in aged rats (Greenough et al., 1986). Enriched housing can even return the cells of old animals to the level of young animals living in impoverished cages (Kolb et al., 1998).
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Present address: Neuroscience Laboratory Building, 1103 E. Huron, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, U.S.A.
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Present address: University of Illinois Medical Center, 1853 W. Polk, Rm. 112, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A.