Anesthetics and the habenulo-interpeduncular system: selective sparing of metabolic activity
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Habenula orphan G-protein coupled receptors in the pathophysiology of fear and anxiety
2022, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Uncontrolled stress correlates with helplessness and subsequent failure to escape unpredictable foot-shocks in wild-type Sprague Dawley rats catalyzing elevated metabolic activity in brain regions sensitive to negative mood regulation (Mirrione et al., 2014). The medial habenula and IPN are exceptionally heightened metabolic sections exploited by stress in awake animals, along with general anesthesia and sleep states (Herkenham, 1981). A decrease in volume in the bilateral MHb and LHb is observed in chronically stressed rats using 3D morphological analysis (Jacinto et al., 2017).
Digital autoradiography for efficient functional imaging without anesthesia in experimental animals: Reversing phencyclidine-induced functional alterations using clozapine
2020, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :While the method has since been adapted for use in in vivo and clinical setting with 18F-labeled 2-DG (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET), ARG still enables higher spatial resolution (Koba et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2016; d’Argy and Sundwall, 2000; Solon, 2015; Schmidt and Smith, 2005; Barthe et al., 2012), cheaper costs (Fine et al., 2014; Upham and Englert, 2003), and longer temporal window for imaging (Solon and Kraus, 2001). Due to ARG imaging being performed using dissected ex vivo samples, it also does not require the use of anesthesia or physical restraint during imaging, both of which are known to strongly alter functional brain activity and connectivity, glucose utilization, and several other neurobiological measures (Ohata et al., 1981; Ori et al., 1986; Herkenham, 1981; Kohtala et al., 2016; Theilmann et al., 2019; Boretius et al., 2013; Hildebrandt et al., 2008; Momosaki et al., 2004; Toyama et al., 2004; Eintrei et al., 1999; Lenz et al., 1998; Paasonen et al., 2018; Antila et al., 2017). Thus, the small animal PET and other small animal imaging methods often have significant confounding factors interfering with research of treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Information processing in the vertebrate habenula
2018, Seminars in Cell and Developmental BiologyCitation Excerpt :However, stress-induced activation of the LHb may not only lead to changes in dopaminergic signaling but also to alterations in the activity of serotonergic neurons located in the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei [161–163]. Under general anesthesia, the amount of habenular activity rises [164–166] which suggests that habenular activity can be modulated during the transition from sleep/low arousal states to awake/high arousal states. In line with this, fluctuations in the spontaneous activity of the Hb are regulated by circadian rhythms [86,167].
Organization of Brainstem Nuclei
2012, The Human Nervous System, Third Edition
These data first appeared in abstract form in Neurosci. Abstr., 4 (1978) 222.