Synapse formation by autonomic nerves in the previously denervated neuromuscular junctions of the feline intrinsic laryngeal muscles
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Experience with laryngeal reinnervation using nerve-muscle pedicle in pediatric patients
2020, International Journal of Pediatric OtorhinolaryngologyCitation Excerpt :Vacated neuromuscular junctions are necessary for attracting neural endings. After 4 weeks, vacated neuromuscular junctions are re-occupied by adrenergic nerve endings [45]. Because of this phenomenon, the most effective time for reinnervation is early, in the first 4 weeks after denervation [46].
Rat whisker movement after facial nerve lesion: Evidence for autonomic contraction of skeletal muscle
2014, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Autonomic endings have been shown (using electron microscopy) to form synapses with vacated neuromuscular junctions in chronically denervated cat laryngeal muscles after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury (Nomoto et al., 1991, 1993a,b), but attempted electrical stimulation of these autonomic fibers was unable to produce laryngeal muscle contraction (Nomoto et al., 1991). Investigators have suggested that spontaneous autonomic reinnervation of laryngeal muscles may explain why substantial atrophy does not always occur after long-term (i.e. >20 months) denervation in cat (Nomoto et al., 1991, 1993a,b) and rat (Miyamaru et al., 2008) models. Autonomic synapse formation may also explain why many cases of vocal fold paralysis show a return of electromyographic activity and resting tone months after RLN palsy, while still lacking meaningful vocal fold abduction or adduction (defined as laryngeal synkinetic reinnervation by some authors – for review see Crumley, 1989).
Effects of early local administration of high-dose bFGF on a recurrent laryngeal nerve injury model
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