Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure
A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of human keratinized tissues
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2019, European Journal of Pharmaceutical SciencesCitation Excerpt :Electrostatic (or coulombic) interactions are also plausible because nail pH is ≈ 5 (Murdan et al., 2011) versus ≈ 7 for nail lacquers, allowing the presence of both negatively charged carboxylic acid groups COO− and positively charged amino groups NH3+ (pKa(COOH/COO−) = 1.7 to 3.5 and pKa(NH3+/NH2) = 7.5 to 10.8 for free or linked amino acids (Doig and Baldwin, 1995; Herries, 1985)). As expected, keratin films exhibit a surface chemical environment very close to the one of the nail: keratin from hair and keratin from nail have both great proportions of glutamic acid (12.2% for hair vs 13.6% for nail), serine (12.2 vs 11.3%) and half-cystine (15.9 vs 10.6%) (Baden et al., 1973; Gupchup and Zatz, 1999). There are only two significant differences regarding O 1s and S 2p: the absence of alcohol function and the greater proportion of thiol and/or disulfide, certainly due to differences in cystine amount.
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