Aerosol light absorption measurement techniques: Analysis and intercomparisons
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Explicit expressions for the minimum efficiency and most penetrating particle size of Nuclepore filters
2016, Journal of Aerosol ScienceCitation Excerpt :These mechanisms are dependent on the particle size and shape therefore filtration techniques are not only applicable for controlling PM but also for differentiating particle morphologies and conducting exposure assessment (Chen, Wang, Fissan & Pui, 2013a; Wang, Bahk, Chen & Pui, 2015). From the aspect of exposure assessments, the particles of interests including asbestos, bacteria, viruses, engineered nanoparticles, diesel soot, etc, are often sampled on the Nuclepore filter and the ensuing microscopic, gravimetric, thermal-optical or chemical analysis are conducted to correlate the number, mass and chemical concentrations of the collected particles to the exposure risk (Chen, Wang, Fissan & Pui, 2013b, 2014; Clarke, Noone, Heintzenberg, Warren & Covert, 1987; Cyrs, Boysen, Casuccio, Lersch & Peters, 2010; Hobbie, Daley & Jasper, 1977; Spurny, Stober, Ackerman, Lodge & Spurny, 1976; Watson, Chow, Lowenthal & Motallebi, 2007). Nuclepore filters were widely used to collect particles with fractions below the pore sizes, which were then included in the ensuing quantitative analyses.
The optical properties of urban aerosol in northern China: A case study at Xi'an
2015, Atmospheric ResearchBlack Smoke and Black Carbon: Further investigation of the relationship between these ambient air metrics
2011, Atmospheric EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :The calibration curve within BS 1747:2 has in effect been adopted permanently by convention within the United Kingdom to define Black Smoke Index, which now has a tenuous link to particle mass concentration due to changing particulate composition, even though it is still expressed in μg m−3. The form of the curve is determined partly by the need to convert Darkness Index to a measure proportional in principle to the quantity of dark particles present, ie removing the exponential relationship between light intensity and absorption, and more importantly by the non-linear relationship between absorption coefficient and quantity of dark particles in practice, due to loading effects, such as masking of some particles by others (shadowing), and changes caused by the particles to the internal reflection of the filter (Clarke et al., 1987; Weingartner et al., 2003; Virkkula et al., 2007). These same loading effects are responsible for the need to correct raw Black Carbon data obtained by simple light transmission, as described later.
An integrating sphere spectral system to measure continuous spectra of aerosol absorption coefficient
2011, Journal of Aerosol ScienceCitation Excerpt :The remote methods are those that measure backscattering or forward scattered radiation and use radiative transfer models to infer the aerosol properties (Torres, Bhartia, Herman, & Ahmad, 1998; Kaufman, Tanré, Dubovik, Karnieli, & Remer, 2001). The best known and most frequently used in situ techniques include filter-based measurements (Lin, Baker, & Charlson, 1973; Clarke, Noone, Heintzenberg, Warren, & Covert, 1987; Heintzenberg & Meszaros, 1985; Bond, Anderson, & Campbell, 1999; Petzold & Schönlinner, 2004), photoacoustic (Terhune & Anderson, 1977; Arnott, Moosmüller, Rogers, Jin, & Bruch, 1999; Lack, Lovejoy, Baynard, Pettersson, & Ravishankara, 2006), calorimetric (Hänel & Hillenbrand, 1989), and photothermal measurements (Sedlacek & Lee, 2007). Below we present a brief background of the IS3 technique and then present a discussion of the experimental setup.
Retrieval of UV-visible aerosol absorption using AERONET and OMI-MODIS synergy: Spatial and temporal variability across major aerosol environments
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