Evaluation of the early conception factor (ECF™) test for the detection of nonpregnancy in dairy cattle
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Cited by (30)
A predictive threshold value for the diagnosis of early pregnancy in cows using interferon-stimulated genes in granulocytes
2018, TheriogenologyCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, the expression levels of ISGs in granulocytes were more accurate compared to the values obtained from methods involving extractions from PBLs [16,17]. Various methods, such as serum progesterone levels, detection of the non-return of heat, rectal palpation, ultrasonography and gene expression, have been applied; however unlike the current method, these cannot detect pregnancy in the first three weeks [6,15,17,27,43,44]. However, some unknown factors and technical difficulties are also involved with the use of this method; these include the determination of a suitable day after insemination for the collection of PBL, appropriate blood types, reliable indicator genes, and a reliable threshold value for detecting gestational signals.
Comparison between allantochorion membrane and amniotic sac detection by per rectal palpation for pregnancy diagnosis on pregnancy loss, calving rates, and abnormalities in newborn calves
2017, TheriogenologyCitation Excerpt :In current cattle practices, two procedures permit immediate diagnosis of pregnancy: per rectum palpation (PRP) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) [2–4]. Pregnancy diagnosis by PRP is the most frequent procedure used by veterinarians around the world [3,7–9], although other techniques of pregnancy diagnosis are available [2,10–13]. In USA, according to the last report of National Animal Health Monitoring System [9], 93% of the Dairy Operations performed pregnancy diagnosis and 86% of these operations used PRP to perform pregnancy diagnosis.
Relaxin as a hormonal aid to evaluate pregnancy and pregnancy loss in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
2017, General and Comparative EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Other pregnancy-related factors have been indicated to have some diagnostic value in domestic and wild animal species. These include early conception factor (Gandy et al., 2001), early pregnancy factor (Ohnuma et al., 2000), alpha-fetoprotein (Morita et al., 2013), pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (González et al., 1999; Szenci et al., 1998), fibrinogen, and other acute-phase proteins (Hart, 1997); C-peptide (Kuniyuki and Hughes, 1992); pregnancy specific protein B (Romano and Larson, 2010); and ceruloplasmin (Willis et al., 2011). Future studies are required to clarify the diagnostic potential of these pregnancy-related factors in cetaceans.
Effect of early pregnancy diagnosis by per rectum amniotic sac palpation on pregnancy loss, calving rates, and abnormalities in newborn dairy calves
2016, TheriogenologyCitation Excerpt :Despite its intensive application, few investigations were designed to answer two important aspects of this practice such as safety and accuracy [7–10]. At present, new methods of pregnancy diagnosis are available in the process of development in cattle [9,11–13]. However, PRP continues to be the procedure of choice for veterinarians for pregnancy diagnosis for several reasons: It does not require equipment or a laboratory, the results are almost immediate, allowing for a rapid decision, and it is an accurate technique after Day 35 of breeding when performed by trained veterinarians [1–4].
Relaxin: A hormonal aid to diagnose pregnancy status in wild mammalian species
2014, TheriogenologyCitation Excerpt :Notably, these hormonal aids are only specific for certain stages of pregnancy and may not be able to differentiate between pseudopregnancy because of embryo and/or fetal loss. Besides hormones, pregnancy-associated factors have been indicated to have some diagnostic value, which include early conception factor [40], early pregnancy factor [41], pregnancy-associated glycoproteins [42,43], fibrinogen, and other acute-phase proteins [44]; C-peptide [38]; pregnancy-specific protein B (www.biotracking.com); and ceruloplasmin [45]. For pregnancy diagnosis, pregnancy-associated glycoprotein has been reported in cattle [46,47]; pregnancy-specific protein B in cattle, goat, sheep, bison, deer, and elk [48–52]; and ceruloplasmin in the giant panda [45].
Early conception factor lateral flow assays for pregnancy in the mare
2009, Theriogenology