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Study on principles and mechanisms of new biochar passivation of cadmium in soil

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Abstract

At present, many researchers have studied the modification of biochar and explored the adsorption of cadmium by modified biochar. The adsorption capacity of cadmium for general modified biochar is about 30–150 mg/g. The new biochar (BM) we studied greatly improves the adsorption effect of cadmium in water, and the maximum adsorption capacity of cadmium can reach 400 mg/g, so we tried to apply it to the passivated cadmium in polluted farmland soil. This paper discusses the mechanism of BM passivation of heavy metal cadmium in soil and its protective effect on crop growth. The study found that: (1) the content of cadmium in wheat was 3.98 mg/kg in the soil with BM800. The addition of BM800 reduced the cadmium content of wheat by 75.43% compared with the blank control group; (2) BM contains special iron-containing functional group (–Fe–OOC–, –Fe–R–COOH, –Fe–R–OH, etc.) and aromatic structure C=Cπ, and these structures can react with cadmium to form stable complexes (C=Cπ–Cd, (FeO)2Cd, (Fe–RO)2Cd, etc.); (3) there are special mineral crystal structures XiFeYjOk in BM. XiFeYjOk can react with cadmium to form Cd–XiFejOk. Cd–XiFejOk can stably exist in biochar, and can provide more adsorption sites, which strengthens the adsorption and passivation of cadmium in soil by BM.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 41571283), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0800703, 2016YFD0800702), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662018PY078).

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 41571283), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0800703, 2016YFD0800702), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662018PY078).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Jinyu Zhang, Zhongxin Tan & Qiaoyun Huang

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  1. Jinyu Zhang
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  2. Zhongxin Tan
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  3. Qiaoyun Huang
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Correspondence to Zhongxin Tan.

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Zhang, J., Tan, Z. & Huang, Q. Study on principles and mechanisms of new biochar passivation of cadmium in soil. Biochar 3, 161–173 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00088-0

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