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A review of the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of malignant catarrhal fever in Brazil

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Review
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Abstract

Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), the form of MCF that occurs in Brazil, is a severe, frequently fatal, infectious disease caused by ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), in which sheep are the asymptomatic hosts and cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals are the accidental hosts. This review provides a critical analysis of the historical, epidemiological aspects and the estimated economic impacts associated with SA-MCF in Brazil. Moreover, the clinical manifestations and pathological lesions associated with SA-MCF in cattle are reviewed and discussed and the phylogenetic distribution of OvHV-2 in Brazil is presented. OvHV-2 is the only MCF virus identified in animals from Brazil. It is recommended that a histopathologic diagnosis of SA-MCF be based on all aspects of vascular disease in the affected animal and not only lymphocytic/necrotizing vasculitis and/or fibrinoid change. Conformation of the intralesional participation of OvHV-2 in these alterations can be achieved by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization assays. Additionally, it is proposed that OvHV-2 should be considered as a possible infectious disease agent associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in cattle. Furthermore, the possible role of the small intestine in the dissemination of OvHV-2 is discussed.

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Acknowledgments

SA Headley and TES Oliveira are recipients of the National Counsel of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq; Brazil) fellowships. The authors are grateful to Dr. Elis Lorenzetti for initial assistance with the phylogenetic analysis and Bruno Silva Dias for assistance with the graphical demonstration of data generated with the QGIS software.

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  1. Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil

    Selwyn Arlington Headley & Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira

  2. Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, 99164-6630, USA

    Cristina Wetzel Cunha

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  1. Selwyn Arlington Headley
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  2. Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira
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  3. Cristina Wetzel Cunha
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Headley, S.A., de Oliveira, T.E.S. & Cunha, C.W. A review of the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of malignant catarrhal fever in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 51, 1405–1432 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00273-6

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