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Development of conductive hydrogels: from design mechanisms to frontier applications

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Abstract

Owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility, conductive hydrogels (CHs) are widely used in the fields of energy and power, and biomedical technology. To arrive at a better understanding of the design methods and development trends of CHs, this paper summarizes and analyzes related research published in recent years. First, we describe the properties and characteristics of CHs. Using Scopus, the world’s largest abstract and citation database, we conducted a quantitative analysis of the related literature from the past 15 years and summarized development trends in the field of CHs. Second, we describe the types of CH network crosslinking and basic functional design methods and summarize the three-dimensional (3D) structure-forming methods and conductive performance tests of CHs. In addition, we introduce applications of CHs in the fields of energy and power, biomedical technology, and others. Lastly, we discuss several problems in current CH research and introduce some prospects for the future development of CHs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Research Project Funding of National University of Defense Technology of China (No. ZK19-33), the National Postdoctoral International Exchange Program Funding for Incoming Postdoctoral Students (Postdoctoral No. 48127), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (No. 2020RC2036), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52105039 and 52175069).

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  1. Yang Hong and Zening Lin have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China

    Yang Hong, Zening Lin, Zirong Luo, Tao Jiang, Jianzhong Shang & Yun Yang

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YH investigated and summarized the literature and wrote the original draft. ZNL completed the analysis of statistical data and the production of the main pictures, and helped revise the paper. ZRL, TJ, and JZS helped revise the paper and gave some advice. YY gave some advice. ZRL, TJ, and JZS supervised the work and applied for funds. All authors have read and approved this manuscript for publication.

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Correspondence to Zirong Luo or Tao Jiang.

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Hong, Y., Lin, Z., Luo, Z. et al. Development of conductive hydrogels: from design mechanisms to frontier applications. Bio-des. Manuf. 5, 729–756 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42242-022-00208-0

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