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Composite polymer electrolytes: progress, challenges, and future outlook for sodium-ion batteries

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Abstract

Sodium-ion battery (SIB) arises as propitious energy sources complementing the energy supply demands amidst of proliferating energy crises and environmental trauma due to fossil fuel consumption. Higher earth abundance, similar electrochemistry as lithium, and cost-effectiveness have driven the research focused on building better SIBs. Solid inorganic and polymer electrolytes (PEs) are prevailing electrolyte candidates for SIBs. The bottleneck of both the electrolytes, such as low ionic conductivity, poor mechanical and thermal stability, and high interfacial charge resistance, has retarded the rate of their commercial acceptance for futuristic energy devices. To tackle these burning issues, strategies to couple inorganic and polymer electrolytes as composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are drawing immense interest in academia and industry. The present review discusses the state-of-the-art composite polymer electrolytes for SIBs. It comprises three parts. The first part briefs about the introduction and performance index of CPEs to assess the importance of CPEs over existing electrolytes. In the second part, various synthesis methods for CPEs preparations are encapsulated. The third part is focused on the role of extrinsic fillers (active and passive) and the corresponding mechanism involved in ionic transport in CPEs by recently reported works. The role of filler engineering in addressing the remedies of CPEs is also intensely scrutinized. Finally, this review is concluded with the perspective of CPEs toward the future of SIB development. This review is aiming to understand the insight of fillers within CPEs and their impact on the performance of SIBs.

Graphical abstract

This review discusses the state-of-the-art of composite polymer electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries and their future perspectives.

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Reproduced with permission from ref. [47]. Copyright© 2020 from the Royal Society of Chemistry

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Abbreviations

SIB:

Sodium-ion battery

LIB:

Lithium-ion battery

ICE:

Inorganic ceramic electrolyte

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEGDME:

Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether

SN:

Succinonitrile

PEO:

Polyethylene oxide

PVDF:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

PVDF-HFP:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

NaClO4 :

Sodium perchlorate

NaTFSI:

Sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

NaFSI:

Sodium (I) bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide

QD:

Quantum dot

SiO2 :

Silicon dioxide

LC:

Liquid crystal

ZrO2 :

Zirconium dioxide

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

CaO:

Calcium oxide

Zn2Fe2O4 :

Zinc ferrite

Si3N4 :

Silicon nitride

NaPO3 :

Sodium triphosphate

NaIO4 :

Sodium periodate

NaTF:

Sodium triflate

NaCF3SO3 :

Sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate

NaPF6 :

Sodium hexafluorophosphate

TEGDME:

Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

PE:

Polymer electrolyte

CPE:

Composite polymer electrolyte

DMF:

Dimethylformamide

DMAc:

Dimethylacetamide

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Funding

Dr. AS gratefully acknowledges the UGC, New Delhi, for their financial supports under the BSR Mid-Career award scheme (No. F.19–214/2018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India

    Dheeraj K. Maurya & Subramania Angaiah

  2. Nano-Electrochemistry Lab (NEL), Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609-609, India

    Ragupathy Dhanusuraman

  3. Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Zhanhu Guo

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  1. Dheeraj K. Maurya
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  2. Ragupathy Dhanusuraman
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  3. Zhanhu Guo
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  4. Subramania Angaiah
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Maurya, D.K., Dhanusuraman, R., Guo, Z. et al. Composite polymer electrolytes: progress, challenges, and future outlook for sodium-ion batteries. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 5, 2651–2674 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-021-00412-z

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