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Modeling Landscape Dynamics of Policy Interventions in Karnataka State, India

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Abstract

The availability of multi-resolution spatial data and advances in modeling techniques have given an impetus to land use land cover (LULC) change analyses. Geo-visualization of possible land uses (LU) with policy decisions is vital for formulating appropriate sustainable resource management policies. For the prudent management of natural resources, LU planning has to take environmental dimensions into account. LU dynamics helps to understand the macro background of regional population growth, economic development, social progress, and changes in the natural environment. In this study, LU transitions from 1985 to 2019 were assessed through a supervised classifier based on the Gaussian maximum likelihood estimation algorithm. Geo-visualization of landscape dynamics was implemented through a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with Markov cellular automata (MCA) for Karnataka state, India. It considered five policy scenarios, namely, (i) business as usual (BAU), (ii) agent-based land use transition (ALT), (iii) reserve forest protection (RFP), (iv) afforestation (AF), and (v) sustainable development plan (SDP). Prior knowledge of likely LU aids in assessing the implications of chosen policies forms a base for sustainable resource management with conservation of biological diversity. LU analyses revealed that forests in Karnataka state constituted 21% in 1985, witnessed large-scale transitions, and reduced to 15% of the geographical area in 2019. BAU depicts a likely increase in the built-up area to 11.5% from 3% (2019). The SDP scenario (with stringent policy implementation) indicates that the forest cover would remain at 11% (compared to 15% in 2019), which is the least possible loss among all considered scenarios (BAU, ALT, RFP, AF, and SDP). Modeling and visualization of landscape dynamics aids in regional LU planning as a spatial decision support system (SDSS) towards achieving sustainable development goals.

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Data Availability

Data used in the analyses are compiled from the field. Data is analyzed and organized in the form of table, which are presented in the manuscript. Also, synthesized data are archived at http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/water/paper/researchpaper2.html#ce. http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/

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Acknowledgements

This work is part of the international, EU-funded Natural Capital Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (NCAVES) project. The NCAVES project is carried out as a collaboration between the United Nations environment program (UNEP), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSP), Government of India and the ENVIS division, The Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India. We are grateful to the ENVIS Division, the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India.

Funding

This work is part of the international, EU-funded Natural Capital Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (NCAVES) project. The NCAVES project is carried out as a collaboration between the United Nations environment program (UNEP), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSP), Government of India and the ENVIS division, The Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Environmental Information System, Center for Ecological Sciences [CES], Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, New Bioscience Building, Third Floor, E-Wing [Near D-Gate], Bengaluru, India

    Bharath Setturu & T V Ramachandra

  2. Centre for Sustainable Technologies (astra), Bengaluru, India

    T V Ramachandra

  3. Centre for Infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning [CiSTUP], Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 012, India

    T V Ramachandra

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  1. Bharath Setturu
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Contributions

Ramachandra T V: Concept Design, field data collection, data analysis and interpretation of data; revising the article critically for important intellectual content; final editing

Bharath Setturu: Design of the experiment, field data collection and analysis, interpretation of data, manuscript writing

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Correspondence to T V Ramachandra.

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Our research is commissioned by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (ENVIS Division), Government of India, and hence no further permission is required as the field work was carried out in in the non-restricted areas / protected areas.

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Setturu, B., Ramachandra, T.V. Modeling Landscape Dynamics of Policy Interventions in Karnataka State, India. J geovis spat anal 5, 22 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41651-021-00091-w

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