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Ophiolitic rocks and plagiorhyolites from SW Ecuador (Cerro San José): petrology, geochemistry and tectonic setting

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Abstract

This work investigates the petrology and geochemistry of ophiolitic rocks that belong to basalt formations of Cretaceous age and outcrop south of Nobol (Guayas, Ecuador). We studied their petrogenesis and tried to establish the tectonic setting and correlations with the regional geology. These mafic rocks, together with associated felsic dykes, are interpreted to be part of an ophiolite sequence (Cerro de San José). Our results show that the mafic rocks are iron rich tholeiitic basalts (Fe2O3t = 13–14.7 wt%), with arc geochemical signature. The associated felsic dykes are trondhjemites (Na2O = 6.5 wt%; K2O = 0.1 wt%) and can be interpreted as plagiorhyolites derived by partial melting of a hydrated mafic oceanic crust. The tectonic setting proposed for these rocks is an arc or back-arc basin where infiltration of melts/fluids derived from a subducted slab and its mantle wedge could have generated the arc signature of these tholeiitic basalts. Furthermore, these melts/fluids could also have induced partial melting of country rock basalts and generation of plagiorhyolite dykes.

Resumen

En este trabajo se investiga la petrología y la geoquímica de las rocas ofiolíticas que afloran al sur de Nobol (Guayas, Ecuador), pertenecientes a formaciones basálticas Cretácicas. Se estudia su petrogénesis y se intenta establecer el contexto tectónico y las relaciones con la geología regional. Estas rocas máficas, junto con diques félsicos asociados, se interpretan como parte de una secuencia ofiolítica (Cerro de San José). Nuestros resultados muestran que las rocas máficas son basaltos toleíticos ricos en hierro (Fe2O3t = 13-14.7 % en peso), con características geoquímicas de arco volcánico. Los diques félsicos asociados son trondhjemitas (Na2O = 6.5 % en peso; K2O = 0.1 % en peso) y pueden interpretarse como plagioriolitas o plagiogranitos derivados de la fusión parcial de una corteza oceánica máfica hidratada. La situación tectónica propuesta para estas rocas es una cuenca de arco o tras-arco donde la infiltración de fundidos/fluidos, derivados de una placa subducente y de su manto suprayacente, podrían haber generado la afinidad de arco de estos basaltos toleíticos. Además, estos fundidos/fluidos también podrían haber inducido la fusión parcial de basaltos adyacentes y la generación de plagioriolitas.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank two reviewers (J. Escuder and anonymous reviewer) for their constructive comments and the editorial office (R. Arenas) for the editorial handling. We also thank A. Moreira for his help in the rock sample collection. The JEOL 6010 PLUS/LA has been partially funded by European Regional Development Fund,  (ref. IGME13-4E-1518).

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  1. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Calle Matemático Pedrayes, 25, 33005, Oviedo, Spain

    E. Berrezueta, L. González-Menéndez & B. Ordóñez-Casado

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil, Av. Raúl Gomez Lince s/n y Juan Tanca Marengo. Campus Mapasingue, Guayaquil, 090612, Ecuador

    K. López

  3. Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Polytechnic University (ESPOL), Campus Prosperina Espol, Guayaquil, 090903, Ecuador

    S. Benítez

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Berrezueta, E., López, K., González-Menéndez, L. et al. Ophiolitic rocks and plagiorhyolites from SW Ecuador (Cerro San José): petrology, geochemistry and tectonic setting. J Iber Geol 47, 367–386 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00154-9

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