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Go green to protect plants: repurposing the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles to combat phytopathogens

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Abstract

Plants are incessantly challenged by bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens, and together with climate change, the global food security is severely threatened. Nanotechnology provides promising alternatives to conventional approaches (pesticides and antibiotics) for plant disease management, due to their unique physiochemical properties, including small size (1–100 nm), large active surface area, solubility and prolonged residual activity. Previously, antimicrobial properties of silver (Ag) have been repurposed in physiochemically synthesized nanoparticles (AgNPs) to kill plant pathogens. In the last decade, to bypass using such ecologically damaging synthesis techniques, several environment friendly synthesis processes, of which intracellular or extracellular synthesis of AgNPs by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, algae and plant extracts, have gained attention. ‘Green’ synthesis of AgNPs in plant and microbial nanobiofactories is rapid, eco-friendly and readily scalable and determined by multiple synthesis parameters. Biosynthesized AgNPs proved to be substantially effective against bacterial, fungal and viral phytopathovars, both in vitro and in greenhouse experiments, and were evaluated as competent agrichemical substitutes for bactericides, fungicides and nematicides. Mechanistic insights into the tripartite interaction between plant, pathogen and nanoparticles confirm the ability of AgNPs, 1) to damage membrane integrity and induce oxidative stress in phytopathogens and 2) to modulate transcription, protein expression and metabolic profile of host plant. The antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs augmented with their potential to modify defence mechanisms of host plants, can be exploited for developing nanobioweapons that will be integral to disease management strategies, thereby assisting global food security.

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Abbreviations

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

MS:

Mass spectrometry

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

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Acknowledgements

Financial assistance from Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India through the grant [EMR/2016/004799] and Department of Higher Education, Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal, through the grant [264(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-80/2017] is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support from the DBT-RA Program in Biotechnology and Life Sciences is also gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India

    Anindita Paul

  2. Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India

    Aryadeep Roychoudhury

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  1. Anindita Paul
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Dr. AP drafted the manuscript. Dr. AR critically analysed the manuscript, incorporated necessary modifications and supervised the overall work.

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Paul, A., Roychoudhury, A. Go green to protect plants: repurposing the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles to combat phytopathogens. Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng. 6, 10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-021-00103-6

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