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A 190-ka biomarker record revealing interactions between sea ice, Atlantic Water inflow and ice sheet activity in eastern Fram Strait

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Abstract

The northeastern Fram Strait at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean represents a key observatory for sea ice reconstructions as it sensitively reacts to environmental changes. A combined biomarker approach (HBIs, sterols, alkenones) was carried out on Core PS93/006-1 from the western Svalbard margin to reconstruct sea ice conditions related to glacial–interglacial cycles of the last 190 ka. The continuous presence of sea ice demonstrates the strong influence of polar water masses in the eastern Fram Strait. Glacial intervals are characterised by extended sea ice conditions with perennial sea ice cover during early MIS 6, the Penultimate Glacial Maximum, the interstadial MIS 5d, MIS 4 and the Last Glacial Maximum. Less severe, yet highly variable, sea ice conditions with more frequent summer melt dominated the interglacial stages. The opposing sea ice conditions along the western and northern Svalbard margin highlight the different regional impact of various environmental forces in eastern Fram Strait. Thus, the major expansion of the Svalbard Barents Sea Ice Sheet favoured the formation of perennial sea ice west of Svalbard while it triggered the establishment of marginal ice cover on the Yermak Plateau.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the captain and the crew of R/V Polarstern for excellent cooperation during the cruise PS93 in 2015. Thanks to Walter Luttmer and Lisa Schönborn for technical support during the laboratory work. Thanks to Simon Belt and colleagues (Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth) for providing the internal standard for the IP25 analyses. The paper is a contribution to the German–Chinese project with the title “Natural variability of Arctic sea ice and its significance for global climate change and organic carbon cycle”. Financial support was given by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Project no. 01DO14004). The authors would like to thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough comments that helped to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Bremen, Germany

    A. Kremer, R. Stein, K. Fahl, H. Bauch, A. Mackensen & F. Niessen

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  1. A. Kremer
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  2. R. Stein
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  3. K. Fahl
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Correspondence to A. Kremer.

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Kremer, A., Stein, R., Fahl, K. et al. A 190-ka biomarker record revealing interactions between sea ice, Atlantic Water inflow and ice sheet activity in eastern Fram Strait. Arktos 4, 1–17 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-018-0052-0

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