Abstract
The coupling between electrochemically active material and conductive matrix is vitally important for high efficiency lithium ion batteries (LIBs). By introducing oxygen groups into the nanoporous carbon framework, we accomplish sustainably enhanced electrochemical performance for a SnO2/carbon LIB. 2–5 nm SnO2 nanoparticles are hydrothermally grown in different nanoporous carbon frameworks, which are pristine, nitrogen- or oxygen-doped carbons. Compared with pristine and nitrogen-doped carbon hosts, the SnO2/oxygen-doped activated carbon (OAC) composite exhibits a higher discharge capacity of 1,122 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 320 cycles operation and a larger lithium storage capacity up to 680 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 2,000 mA g−1. The exceptional electrochemical performance is originated from the oxygen groups, which could act as Lewis acid sites to attract electrons effectively from Sn during the charge process, thus accelerate reversible conversion of Sn to SnO2. Meanwhile, SnO2 nanoparticles are effectively bonded with carbon through such oxygen groups, thus preventing the electrochemical sintering and maintaining the cycling stability of the SnO2/OAC composite anode. The high electrochemical performance, low biomass cost, and facile preparation endows the SnO2/OAC composites a promising candidate for anode materials.
摘要
通过电化学活性材料与导电载体材料复合制备纳米复合材料, 对于高能量锂离子电池的发展至关重要. 本文利用水热法将含氧官能团引入到纳米孔碳材料骨架上, 制备得到了骨架内均匀生长粒径为2–5 nm的SnO2纳米颗粒的纳米孔碳材料, 作为SnO2/碳复合负极材料其电化学性能显著提高. 与原始(CAC)、 氮掺杂碳(NAC)载体相比, 氧掺杂碳载体(OAC)制备得到的SnO2/碳复合材料表现出更优异的电化学性能. SnO2/OAC在500 mA g−1充放电速率下, 320圈后其放电容量保持在1122 mA h g−1; 2000 mA g−1下其容量仍保持680 mA h g−1. SnO2/OAC优异的电化学性能主要归因于: 氧官能团作为Lewis酸, 可以在充电状态下从Sn纳米颗粒处吸引电子, 促进Sn向SnO2的可逆转化; 同时, 由于氧官能团的存在, SnO2纳米颗粒被有效地限制在了碳载体骨架内, 有效抑制了充放电过程中SnO2纳米颗粒的团聚, 从而提高了SnO2/OAC复合负极材料的电化学稳定性. 综上, 优异的电化学性能、 低的生物质成本以及简易的制备方法使得SnO2/OAC复合材料成为一种非常有潜力的锂电池负极材料.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA053305 and 2014AA052501) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21506224).
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Zhen Geng obtained his PhD from Tongji University under the supervision of Prof. Cunman Zhang, in 2016. From 2014 to 2015, He worked as a visiting graduate student in the group of Prof. Yunfeng Lu, at the University of California, Los Angeles. Currently, he is working as a post-doctoral researcher at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), under the supervision of Prof. Hong Li. His research interest mainly focuses on nano-materials for energy storage, solid state electrolytes, lithium metal anode and solid state lithium batteries.
Yongjun Ji received his PhD degree from East China Normal University in 2012, under the supervision of Prof. Peng Wu. After postdoctoral research at Tsinghua University with Prof. Yadong Li, he joined the faculty of the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2014. He is currently an associate professor. His research interests include the synthesis and application of zeolite and nanomaterials.
Cunman Zhang is a professor in the School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University. His current research interests include the design and development of new energy storage systems for vehicles, the development and application of hydrogen infrastructure and energy storage materials.
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Oxygen-doped carbon host with enhanced bonding and electron attraction abilities for efficient and stable SnO2/carbon composite battery anode
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Geng, Z., Li, B., Liu, H. et al. Oxygen-doped carbon host with enhanced bonding and electron attraction abilities for efficient and stable SnO2/carbon composite battery anode. Sci. China Mater. 61, 1067–1077 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9218-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9218-6