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Magnetic drug delivery systems

基于磁性质的药物递送系统

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Abstract

There has been unprecedented progress in the development of biomedical nanotechnology and nanomaterials over the past few decades, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have great potential for clinical applications. Among these, magnetic drug delivery systems (MDDSs) based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are attracting increasing attention owing to their favorable biocompatibility and excellent multifunctional loading capability. MDDSs primarily have a solid core of superparamagnetic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles ranging in size from 10 to 100 nm. Their surface can be functionalized by organic and/or inorganic modification. Further conjugation with targeting ligands, drug loading, and MNP assembly can provide complex magnetic delivery systems with improved targeting efficacy and reduced toxicity. Owing to their sensitive response to external magnetic fields, MNPs and their assemblies have been developed as novel smart delivery systems. In this review, we first summarize the basic physicochemical and magnetic properties of desirable MDDSs that fulfill the requirements for specific clinical applications. Secondly, we discuss the surface modifications and functionalization issues that arise when designing elaborate MDDSs for future clinical uses. Finally, we highlight recent progress in the design and fabrication of MNPs, magnetic assemblies, and magnetic microbubbles and liposomes as MDDSs for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, researchers have focused on enhanced targeting efficacy and theranostics by applying step-by-step sequential treatment, and by magnetically modulating dosing regimens, which are the current challenges for clinical applications.

摘要

随着过去几十年来生物医学纳米技术和纳米材料领域的持续发展, 基于纳米颗粒的药物输送系统逐渐开始有望应用于临床研究. 其 中, 由于具有良好的生物相容性和优异的多功能负载能力, 基于磁性纳米粒子的磁性药物传递系统受到越来越多的关注. 本综述首先总结 了磁性药物传递系统的基本物理化学性质, 以阐明磁性药物传递系统需要保持适当的性能以满足特定的临床需要; 其次, 讨论了在设计未 来临床应用的磁性药物传递系统时的表面修饰和功能化问题; 最后, 重点综述了磁性纳米颗粒、磁性组装体以及磁性微泡、磁性脂质体和 生物膜修饰的磁性载体系统的设计和制备最新进展. 最后, 本综述对目前研究的磁性载体系统的设计、制备和安全性进行了总结, 并对未 来进一步解决磁性药物传递系统的临床应用瓶颈和前景进行了展望.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 31370019, 61420106012) and the project of National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB733804). The funding partially comes from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2242016K41072), Zhong Ying Young Scholar of Southeast University as well as the support from the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China

    Yang Liu  (刘洋), Mingxi Li  (李明熹), Fang Yang  (杨芳) & Ning Gu  (顾宁)

Authors
  1. Yang Liu  (刘洋)
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  2. Mingxi Li  (李明熹)
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  3. Fang Yang  (杨芳)
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  4. Ning Gu  (顾宁)
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Fang Yang  (杨芳) or Ning Gu  (顾宁).

Additional information

Author contributions Gu N and Yang F provided the overall concept. Liu Y wrote the paper and Li M prepared the figures, table and co-wrote the section of “SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR TARGETING IN VIVO”. Yang F revised the manuscript. All authors participated in the discussion about the overall manuscript.

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Yang Liu received his BSc degree from Southeast University, Nanjing, in 2015. Now, he is a PhD student in Prof. Fang Yang’s group in Southeast University. His research interests are focused on the ultrasound imaging guided drug delivery system and designing novel multi-model sensitive nanoparticles.

Fang Yang was born in 1979. She received her PhD degree in biomedical engineering fromthe School of Biological Science andMedical Engineering, Southeast University in 2009. Currently, she is a professor of the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University. Her research interests mainly focus on the ultrasound multi-modal imaging, magnetic microbubbles, ultrasound molecular imaging, and imaging (ultrasound, magnetic resonance, optical, CT, etc.) guided accurate drug delivery system, etc.

Ning Gu was born in 1964. He received his PhD degree in biomedical engineering from the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1996. Currently he is a Changjiang Scholar Professor and NSFC Outstanding Young Investigator Fund Winner at Southeast University. He also serves as the president of Jiangsu Society of Biomedical Engineering, the director of the Research Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology of Southeast University, and the chief researcher of the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology (2011 Program). His research interests include magnetic nanobiomaterials, nanobiology, medical imaging, advanced instrument development, etc.

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Liu, Y., Li, M., Yang, F. et al. Magnetic drug delivery systems. Sci. China Mater. 60, 471–486 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9049-0

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