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Improved Fuel Economy of Through-the-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management Strategy

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Abstract

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) provides drivers with uncompromised drivability while significantly reducing hazardous emissions. This is achieved through optimal power flow solution via energy management strategy (EMS) which efficiently handles energy distribution from the different energy sources of a HEV. In this paper, a through-the-road (TtR) HEV configuration with fuzzy logic-based EMS is proposed. Fuzzy logic is applied in the main control block of the vehicle with a pair of membership functions assisting the power flow controller to select the appropriate power distribution by the hybrid drivetrain based on available resources in real time. The EMS operates in hybrid mode blended control strategy to achieve minimum fuel consumption for the desired trip by prioritising the electrical drivetrain over the internal combustion engine (ICE) for power distribution to the wheels. A Simulink model was constructed in MATLAB® to represent the TtR HEV equipped with in-wheel motors (IWM) in the rear wheels. A fuzzy logic-based EMS controller has been synthesised. The power flow in the TtR HEV is decided based on current vehicle speed and the global discharge rate (GDR) value derived from the current state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery and remaining trip distance. The proposed controller performs well on standard drive cycles and offers up to 62% improvement in fuel consumption compared to the reference model which uses rule-based EMS. Comparisons against other published models are equally encouraging, especially on high average speed drive cycles with up to 19.8% improvements in fuel consumption.

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Abbreviations

g :

Gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/s2

β :

Road incline angle

m :

Vehicle total mass

V x :

Longitudinal vehicle velocity

V W :

Wind speed (+ for headwind, − for tailwind)

n :

Number of wheels on each axle

F xf, F xr :

Longitudinal forces on front and rear wheels at ground contact points

A F :

Effective frontal vehicle cross-sectional area

C d :

Aerodynamic drag coefficient

ρ :

Mass density of air = 1.18 kg/m3

F zf, F zr :

Normal forces acting on front and rear wheels at ground contact points

h :

Height of vehicle’s centre of gravity above the ground

F d :

Aerodynamic drag force

a, b :

Distance of front and rear axles, respectively, from centre of gravity

\(V_{\text{batt}}\) :

Battery voltage

\(E_{0}\) :

Battery constant voltage

\(K\) :

Polarisation constant

\(Q\) :

Battery capacity

\(it = \smallint i {\text{d}}t\) :

Actual battery charge

\(A\) :

Exponential zone amplitude

\(B\) :

Exponential zone time constant inverse

\(R\) :

Internal resistance

\(i\) :

Battery current

\(i^{*}\) :

Filtered current

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Acknowledgements

Funding was provided by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (Skim Latihan Akademik IPTA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Research University Grant (GUP) Tier 1, Phase 1/2017, grant number Q.J130000.2523.17H18) and Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

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  1. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Mohamad Faizrizwan Mohd Sabri

  2. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Mohamad Faizrizwan Mohd Sabri, Kumeresan A. Danapalasingam & Mohd Fua’ad Rahmat

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  1. Mohamad Faizrizwan Mohd Sabri
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Mohd Sabri, M.F., Danapalasingam, K.A. & Rahmat, M.F. Improved Fuel Economy of Through-the-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management Strategy. Int. J. Fuzzy Syst. 20, 2677–2692 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40815-018-0521-4

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