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Groundwater potential zone mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS for Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India

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Abstract

Groundwater is the most reliable source of fresh water. Due to several criteria such as increased population, urbanization, and industrialization, the groundwater sources are under severe threat. Climate change plays a vital role in the quality and quantity of groundwater sources. Also, the climate variability severely affects the parameters influencing the groundwater recharge. Unreliable monsoons and poor quality of the surface water resources tend to increase the decline in the groundwater levels. Hence, it is necessary to identify and delineate the groundwater potential zone (GWP) which can be used to augment the groundwater source. The study is carried out for Kancheepuram district where the groundwater serves as the main source for domestic and agricultural purposes rather than the surface water. The parameters such as topography, geology, drainage density, geomorphology, soil, land use and land cover rainfall, and the lineament density are generated as different layers in the GIS background and are subjected to weighted overlay analysis to obtain the potential zones of groundwater. The weights for the various layers were generated using the multi-criteria decision-making technique and analytical hierarchy process which allows the pairwise comparison of criteria influencing the potential zone. Further, the GWP map has been reclassified into five different classes, namely very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The results of the study revealed that the very high potential zone comprises 12.68% (546.82 km2), high 25.07% (1081.30 km2), moderate 28.79% (1242.04 km2), low 22.97% (990.96 km2), and very low 10.50% (452.83 km2), respectively. In addition, the results validated using well yield data and pre-monsoon and post-monsoon water level data were found to have a good correlation with the same. Future management plans including natural and artificial recharge practice can be effectively made in these areas as reliable results were obtained with the methodology adopted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

    Thiyagarajan Saranya & Subbarayan Saravanan

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  1. Thiyagarajan Saranya
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  2. Subbarayan Saravanan
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Correspondence to Subbarayan Saravanan.

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Saranya, T., Saravanan, S. Groundwater potential zone mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS for Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 6, 1105–1122 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00744-7

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