Abstract
Current vaccination policy in most high-income countries aims to counteract the decline in cell-mediated immunity to varicella zoster virus that occurs with advancing age or immunosuppression. The aim of this review was to describe the burden of illness associated with herpes zoster (HZ) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) risks and their impact on the social and common life in infected people. The effectiveness/efficacy and cost effectiveness of the immunization strategy will be presented through the review of the literature relevant to the live attenuated HZ vaccine (ZLV) licensed in 2006 and the recombinant HZ vaccine (RZV). The latter has very recently been approved to protect aged people aged ≥ 50 years against HZ morbidity including its complications, and associated health-care costs. Finally, this review also provides data with respect of precautions of using and safety of ZVL and RVZ.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) (2015) ECDC Guidance: varicella vaccine in the European Union. In. Stockholm
Lang PO, Pautex S, Belmin J et al (2010) Herpes–zoster related pain in aged individuals: how to manage it safely. Eur Geriatr Med 1:273–278
Lang PO, Aspinall R (2014) Vaccination in the elderly: what can be recommended? Drugs Aging 31:581–599
Rabaud C, Rogeaux O, Launay O et al (2013) Early antiviral treatment fails to completely prevent herpes-related pain. Med Mal Infect 43:461–466
Chen N, Li Q, Yang J et al (2014) Antiviral treatment for preventing postherpetic neuralgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD006866
Lang PO, Ferahta N (2016) Recommendations for treatment and prevention of herpes zoster and associated pain in aged adults. Rev Med Interne 37:35–42
Pickering G, Gavazzi G, Gaillat J et al (2016) Is herpes zoster an additional complication in old age alongside comorbidity and multiple medications? results of the post hoc analysis of the 12-month longitudinal prospective observational ARIZONA cohort study. BMJ Open 6:e009689
Tyring SK (2007) Management of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Acad Dermatol 57:S136–S142
Christo PJ, Hobelmann G, Maine DN (2007) Post-herpetic neuralgia in older adults: evidence-based approaches to clinical management. Drugs Aging 24:1–19
Szczerbinska K, Topor-Madry R (2012) Association between central nervous system drugs and recurrent falling based on prospective falls registration in nursing homes. Eur Geriatr Med 3:82–86
Lang PO, Govind S, Ten Bokum A et al (2013) Immune senescence and vaccination in the elderly. Curr Topic Med Chem 20:2541–2550
Bouhassira D, Chassany O, Gaillat J et al (2012) Patient perspective on herpes zoster and its complications: an observational prospective study in patients aged over 50 years in general practice. Pain 153:342–349
Lang PO, Herrmann F, Michel JP (2007) Varicella-zoster vaccine. N Eng J Med 357:89
Choo PW, Galil K, Donahue JG et al (1997) Risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia. Arch Intern Med 157:1217–1224
Michel JP, Lang PO (2011) Promoting life course vaccination. Rejuvenation Res 14:75–81
Chidiac C, Bruxelle J, Daures JP et al (2001) Characteristics of patients with herpes zoster on presentation to practitioners in France. Clin Infect Dis 33:62–69
Brisson MD, Schmader KE, Levin MJ et al (2010) The impact of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia on health-related quality of life: a prospective study. CAMJ 182:1731–1736
Bouhassira D, Chassany O, Gaillat J et al (2012) Patient perspective on herpes zoster and its complication: an observational prospective study in patients aged over 50 years in general practice. Pain 153:342–349
Stein AN, Britt H, Harrison C et al (2009) Herpes zoster burden of illness and health care resource utilisation in the Australian population aged 50 years and older. Vaccine 27:520–529
Scott FT, Johnson RW, Leedham-Green M et al (2006) The burden of herpes zoster: a prospective population based study. Vaccine 24:1308–1314
Edmunds WJ, Brisson M, Rose JD (2001) The epidemiology of herpes zoster and potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination in England and Wales. Vaccine 19:3076–3090
Choi WS, Kwon SS, Lee J et al (2014) Immunity and the burden of herpes zoster. J Med Virol 86:525–530
Cohen JI (2013) Herpes zoster. N Engl J Med 369:255–263
Lang PO, Belmin J, Michel JP (2009) Herpes zoster in old adults. Presse Med 38:571–583
Mailles A, Stahl JP (2009) Infectious encephalitis in France in 2007: a national prospective study. Clin Infect Dis 49:1838e47
Yawn BP, Wollan PC, St Sauver JL et al (2013) Herpes zoster eye complications: rates and trends. Mayo Clin Proc 88:562–570
Meyers JL, Candrilli SD, Rausch DA et al (2019) Costs of herpes zoster complications in older adults: a cohort study of US claims database. Vaccine 37:1235
Lecrenier N, Beukelaers P, Colindres R et al (2018) Development of adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine and its implications for shingles prevention. Expert Rev Vaccines 17:619–634
Weinberg AZJ, Oxman MN, Johnson GR et al (2009) US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) cooperative studies program shingles prevention study investigators. Varicella-zoster virus specific immune responses to herpes zoster in elderly participants in a trial of a clinically effective zoster vaccine. J Infect Dis 200:1068–1077
Dooling KL, Guo A, Patel M et al (2018) Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of herpes zoster vaccines. Am J Transplant 18:756–762
Chiyaka ET, Nghiem VT, Zhang L et al (2019) Cost-effectiveness of herpes zoster vaccination: a systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics 37:169–200
Tricco AC, Zarin W, Cardoso R et al (2018) Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of herpes zoster vaccines in adults aged 50 and older: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ 363:k4029
Ferahta N, Achek I, Dubourg J et al (2016) Vaccines against herpes zoster: effectiveness, safety, and cost/benefit ratio. Presse Med 45:162–176
Morrison VAJG, Schmader KE, Levin MJ et al (2015) Long-term persistence of zoster vaccine efficacy. Clin Infect Dis 60:900–909
Choi JY, Kang MG, Park KU et al (2018) Immunogenicity of the varicella-zoster vaccine in community-dwelling non-robust elderly compare to robust elderly: a prospective cohort study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly287
Levin MJ, Oxman MN, Zhang JH et al (2008) Varicella-zoster virus-specific immune responses in elderly recipients of a herpes zoster vaccine. J Infect Dis 197:825–835
Vesikari T, Hardt R, Rümke HC et al (2013) Immunogenicity and safety of a live attenuated shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine (Zostavax®) in individuals aged ≥ 70 years: a randomized study of a single dose vs. two different two-dose schedules. Hum Vaccin Immunother 9:858–864
Duncan CJ, Hambleton S (2015) Varicella zoster virus immunity: a primer. J Infect Dis 71:S47–S53
Tilden AB, Cauda R, Grossi CE et al (1986) Demonstration of NK cellmediated lysis of varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-infected cells: characterization of the effector cells. J Immunol 136:4243–4248
Cunningham AL, Heineman TC, Lal H et al (2018) Immune responses to a recombinant glycoprotein E herpes zoster vaccine in adults aged 50 years or older. J Infect Dis 217:1750–1760
Levin MJ, Weinberg A (2019) Immune responses to zoster vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 15:772–777
Syed YY (2018) Recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix®): a review in herpes zoster. Drugs Aging 35:1031–1040
Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR et al (2005) A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N Engl J Med 352:2271–2284
Levin MJ, Schmader KE, Gnann JW et al (2013) Varicella-zoster virus-specific antibody responses in 50–59-year-old recipients of zoster vaccine. J Infect Dis 208:1386–1390
Oxman MN, Levin MJ (2008) Vaccination against Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. J Infect Dis 197:S228–S236
Schmader KE, Levin MJ, Gnann JW Jr et al (2012) Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of herpes zoster vaccine in persons aged 50–59 years. Clin Infect Dis 54:922–928
Zhang J, Xie F, Delzell E et al (2012) Association between vaccination for herpes zoster and risk of herpes zoster infection among older patients with selected immune-mediated diseases. JAMA 308:43–49
Zhang J, Delzell E, Xie F et al (2011) The use, safety, and effectiveness of herpes zoster vaccination in individuals with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: a longitudinal observational study. Arthritis Res Ther 13:R174
Tseng HF, Tartof S, Harpaz R et al (2014) Vaccination against zoster remains effective in older adults who later undergo chemotherapy. Clin Infect Dis 59:913–919
Weinberg A, Levin MJ, Macgregor RR (2010) Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated varicella vaccine in VZV-seropositive HIV-infected adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 6:318–321
Schmader KE, Oxman MN, Levin MJ et al (2012) Persistence of the efficacy of zoster vaccine in the shingles prevention study and the short-term persistence substudy. Clin Infect Dis 55:1320–1328
Leroux-Roels I, Leroux-Roels G, Clement F et al (2012) A phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating safety and immunogenicity of a varicella zoster glycoprotein e subunit vaccine candidate in young and older adults. J Infect Dis 206:1280–1290
Chlibek R, Bayas JM, Collins H et al (2013) Safety and immunogenicity of an AS01-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus subunit candidate vaccine against herpes zoster in adults ≥ 50 years of age. J Infect Dis 208:1953–1956
Lal H, Cunningham AL, Godeaux O et al (2015) Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med 372:2087–2096
Cunningham AL, Lal H, Kovac M et al (2016) Efficacy of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine in adults 70 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 375:1019–1032
Bilcke J, Marais C, Ogunjimi B et al (2010) Health economic evaluation of a vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster (shingles) and post-herpetic neuralgia in adults in Belgium. J Med Econ 13:537–551
Najafzadeh M, Marra CA, Galanis E et al (2009) Cost effectiveness of herpes zoster vaccine in Canada. Pharmacoeconomics 27:991–1004
Brisson M, Pellissier JM, Camden S et al (2008) The potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 4:238–245
Bresse X, Annemans L, Preaud E et al (2013) Vaccination against herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in France: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Expert Rev Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res 13:393–406
Ultsch B, Weidemann F, Reinhold T et al (2013) Health economic evaluation of vaccination strategies for the prevention of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in Germany. BMC Health Serv Res 13:359
Préaud E, Uhart M, Böhm K et al (2015) Cost-effectiveness analysis of a vaccination program for the prevention of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in adults aged 50 and over in Germany. Hum Vaccin Immunother 11:884–896
de Boer PT, Pouwels KB, Cox JM et al (2013) Cost-effectiveness of vaccination of the elderly against herpes zoster in The Netherlands. Vaccine 31:1276–1283
van Lier A, van Hoek AJ, Opstelten W et al (2010) Assessing the potential effects and cost-effectiveness of programmatic herpes zoster vaccination of elderly in the Netherlands. BMC Health Serv Res 10:237
van Hoek AJ, Gay N, Melegaro A et al (2009) Estimating the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster in England and Wales. Vaccine 27:1454–1467
Hornberger J, Robertus K (2006) Cost-effectiveness of a vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. Ann Intern Med 145:317–325
Pellissier JM, Brisson M, Levin MJ (2007) Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness in the United States of a vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. Vaccine 25:8326–8337
Rothberg MB, Virapongse A, Smith KJ (2007) Cost-effectiveness of a vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. Clin Infect Dis 44:1280–1288
Le P, Rothberg MB (2015) Cost-effectiveness of herpes zoster vaccine for persons aged 50 years. Ann Intern Med 163:489–497
Szucs TD, Kressig RW, Papageorgiou M et al (2011) Economic evaluation of a vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in older adults in Switzerland. Hum Vaccin Immunother 7:749–756
de Boer PT, van Lier A, de Melker H et al (2018) Cost-effectiveness of vaccination of immunocompetent older adults against herpes zoster in the Netherlands: a comparison between the adjuvanted subunit and live-attenuated vaccines. BMC Med 16:228
Le P, Rothberg MB (2018) Cost-effectiveness of the adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. JAMA Intern Med 178:248–258
Sanford M, Keating GMV (2010) Drug. Aging 27:159–176
Wyman MJ, Stabi KL (2013) Concomitant administration of pneumococcal-23 and zoster vaccines provides adequate herpes zoster coverage. Ann Pharmacother 47:1064–1068
Tseng HF, Smith N, Sy LS et al (2011) Evaluation of the incidence of herpes zoster after concomitant administration of zoster vaccine and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. Vaccine 29:3628–3632
MacIntyre CR, Egerton T, McCaughey M et al (2010) Concomitant administration of zoster and pneumococcal vaccines in adults ≥ 60 years old. Hum Vaccin Immunother 6:894–902
Simberkoff MS, Arbeit RD, Johnson GR et al (2010) Safety of herpes zoster vaccine in the shingles prevention study: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 152:545–554
Tseng HF, Schmid DS, Harpaz R et al (2014) Herpes zoster caused by vaccine-strain varicella zoster virus in an immunocompetent recipient of zoster vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 58:1125–1128
Charkoudian LD, Kaiser GM, Steinmetz RL et al (2011) Acute retinal necrosis after herpes zoster vaccination. Arch Ophthalmol 129:1495–1497
Le DP, Vega J, Johnson LA (2017) Notes from the field: hospital contact investigation for a patient who developed a zoster vaccine-related Rash—Maryland, February 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66:763–764
Schwarz TF, Aggarwal N, Moeckesch B et al (2017) Immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine coadministered with seasonal influenza vaccine in adults aged 50 years or older. J Infect Dis 216:1352–1361
Stadtmauer EA, Sullivan KM, Marty FM et al (2014) A phase 1/2 study of an adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus subunit vaccine in autologous hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Blood 124:2921–2929
Baeyens JP, Lang PO, Michel JP (2009) Willingness to vaccinate and to be vaccinated in adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 21:244–249
Shen AK, Warnock R, Selna W et al (2019) Vaccination among medicare-fee-for service beneficiaries: characteristics and predictors of vaccine receipt, 2014-2017. Vaccine 37:1194–1201
Berlinberg EJ, Deiner MS, Porco TC et al (2018) Monitoring Interest in herpes zoster vaccination: analysis of google search data. JMIR Public Health Surveill 4:e10180
Funding
There was no sponsor for this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author has not any conflict of interest to declare for the present manuscript.
Statement of human and animal rights
This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent
Informed consent from any patients are not applicable in the situation of the present manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lang, PO., Aspinall, R. Vaccination for quality of life: herpes–zoster vaccines. Aging Clin Exp Res 33, 1113–1122 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01374-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01374-5