Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Interpersonal and Self-Directed Violence Among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: Moving Research from Prevalence to Prevention

  • INJURY EPIDEMIOLOGY (A ROWHANI-RAHBAR, SECTION EDITOR)
  • Published:
Current Epidemiology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of review

This scoping review of reviews aimed to detail the breadth of violence research about sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) in terms of the three generations of health disparities research (i.e., documenting, understanding, and reducing disparities).

Recent Findings

Seventy-three reviews met inclusion criteria. Nearly 70% of the reviews for interpersonal violence and for self-directed violence were classified as first-generation studies. Critical third-generation studies were considerably scant (7% for interpersonal violence and 6% for self-directed violence).

Summary

Third-generation research to reduce or prevent violence against SGM populations must account for larger scale social environmental dynamics. Sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data collection has increased in population-based health surveys, but administrative datasets (e.g., health care, social services, coroner and medical examiner offices, law enforcement) must begin including SOGI to meet the needs of scaled public health interventions to curb violence among SGM communities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Peterson C, Miller GF, Barnett SBL, Florence C. Economic cost of injury: United States, 2019. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(48):1655–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alexander R, Parker K, Schwetz T. Sexual and gender minority health research at the National Institutes of Health. LGBT health. 2016;3(1):7–10.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Herek GM. The context of anti-gay violence: notes on cultural and psychological heterosexism. J Interpers Violence. 1990;5(3):316–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Miller B, Humphreys L. Lifestyles and violence: homosexual victims of assault and murder. Qual Sociol. 1980;3(3):169–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bender AK, Lauritsen JL. Violent victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations in the United States: findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017–2018. Am J Public Health. 2021;111(2):318–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Remafedi G. Sexual orientation and youth suicide. JAMA. 1999;282(13):1291–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ramchand R, Schuler MS, Schoenbaum M, Colpe L, Ayer L. Suicidality among sexual minority adults: gender, age, and race/ethnicity differences. Am J Prev Med. 2022;62(2):193–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Johns MM, Lowry R, Haderxhanaj LT, Rasberry CN, Robin L, Scales L, et al. Trends in violence victimization and suicide risk by sexual identity among high school students—Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2015–2019. MMWR supplements. 2020;69(1):19.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Sell RL, Holliday ML. Sexual orientation data collection policy in the United States: public health malpractice. American Public Health Association; 2014;p. 967–9.

  10. Kilbourne AM, Switzer G, Hyman K, Crowley-Matoka M, Fine MJ. Advancing health disparities research within the health care system: a conceptual framework. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(12):2113–21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Munn Z, Peters MD, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018;18(1):1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Coulter RW, Egan JE, Kinsky S, Friedman MR, Eckstrand KL, Frankeberger J, et al. Mental health, drug, and violence interventions for sexual/gender minorities: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2019;144:3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Batejan KL, Jarvi SM, Swenson LP. Sexual orientation and non-suicidal self-injury: a meta-analytic review. Arch Suicide Res. 2015;19(2):131–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Dunlop BJ, Hartley S, Oladokun O, Taylor PJ. Bisexuality and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI): a narrative synthesis of associated variables and a meta-analysis of risk. J Affect Disord. 2020;276:1159–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jackman K, Honig J, Bockting W. Nonsuicidal self-injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations: an integrative review. J Clin Nurs. 2016;25(23–24):3438–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu RT, Sheehan AE, Walsh RF, Sanzari CM, Cheek SM, Hernandez EM. Prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019;74:101783.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Di Giacomo E, Krausz M, Colmegna F, Aspesi F, Clerici M. Estimating the risk of attempted suicide among sexual minority youths: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(12):1145–52.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Hottes TS, Bogaert L, Rhodes AE, Brennan DJ, Gesink D. Lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts among sexual minority adults by study sampling strategies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(5):e1–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Salway T, Ross LE, Fehr CP, Burley J, Asadi S, Hawkins B, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of disparities in the prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among bisexual populations. Arch Sex Behav. 2019;48(1):89–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Luo Z, Feng T, Fu H, Yang T. Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):1–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Adams NJ, Vincent B. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among transgender adults in relation to education, ethnicity, and income: a systematic review. Transgender health. 2019;4(1):226–46.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Mann EG, Taylor A, Wren B, de Graaf N. Review of the literature on self-injurious thoughts and behaviours in gender-diverse children and young people in the United Kingdom. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2019;24(2):304–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Salway T, Plöderl M, Liu J, Gustafson P. Effects of multiple forms of information bias on estimated prevalence of suicide attempts according to sexual orientation: an application of a Bayesian misclassification correction method to data from a systematic review. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(1):239–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Surace T, Fusar-Poli L, Vozza L, Cavone V, Arcidiacono C, Mammano R, et al. Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors in gender non-conforming youths: a meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021;30(8):1147–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gorse M. Risk and protective factors to LGBTQ+ youth suicide: a review of the literature. Child Adolescent Social Work J. 2020 ;1–12.

  26. Gosling H, Pratt D, Montgomery H, Lea J. The relationship between minority stress factors and suicidal ideation and behaviours amongst transgender and gender non-conforming adults: a systematic review. J affective disorders. 2021

  27. Hatchel T, Polanin JR, Espelage DL. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among LGBTQ youth: meta-analyses and a systematic review. Arch Suicide Res. 2021;25(1):1–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kaniuka AR, Bowling J. Suicidal self-directed violence among gender minority individuals: a systematic review. Suicide Life-Threatening Behavior. 2021;51(2):212–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pellicane MJ, Ciesla JA. Associations between minority stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review. 2021;102113.

  30. Williams AJ, Jones C, Arcelus J, Townsend E, Lazaridou A, Michail M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of victimisation and mental health prevalence among LGBTQ+ young people with experiences of self-harm and suicide. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245268.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Wolford-Clevenger C, Frantell K, Smith PN, Flores LY, Stuart GL. Correlates of suicide ideation and behaviors among transgender people: a systematic review guided by ideation-to-action theory. Clin Psychol Rev. 2018;63:93–105.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Luong CT, Rew L, Banner M. Suicidality in young men who have sex with men: a systematic review of the literature. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2018;39(1):37–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Matarazzo BB, Barnes SM, Pease JL, Russell LM, Hanson JE, Soberay KA, et al. Suicide risk among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender military personnel and veterans: what does the literature tell us? Suicide Life-Threatening Behavior. 2014;44(2):200–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. McNeil J, Ellis SJ, Eccles FJ. Suicide in trans populations: a systematic review of prevalence and correlates. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2017;4(3):341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Phillip A, Pellechi A, DeSilva R, Semler K, Makani R. A plausible explanation of increased suicidal behaviors among transgender youth based on the interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS): case series and literature review. J Psychiatr Pract®. 2022;28(1):3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Pompili M, Lester D, Forte A, Seretti ME, Erbuto D, Lamis DA, et al. Bisexuality and suicide: a systematic review of the current literature. J Sex Med. 2014;11(8):1903–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Rogers ML, Taliaferro LA. Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among sexual and gender minority youth: a systematic review of recent research. Current Sexual Health Rep. 2020;1–16.

  38. Russon J, Washington R, Machado A, Smithee L, Dellinger J. Suicide among LGBTQIA+ youth: a review of the treatment literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2021;101578.

  39. Marshall E, Claes L, Bouman WP, Witcomb GL, Arcelus J. Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality in trans people: a systematic review of the literature. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2016;28(1):58–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Vigny-Pau M, Pang N, Alkhenaini H, Abramovich A. Suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury among transgender populations: a systematic review. J Gay Lesbian Mental Health. 2021;25(4):358–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. King M, Semlyen J, Tai SS, Killaspy H, Osborn D, Popelyuk D, et al. A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8(1):1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Marshal MP, Dietz LJ, Friedman MS, Stall R, Smith HA, McGinley J, et al. Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: a meta-analytic review. J Adolesc Health. 2011;49(2):115–23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Miranda-Mendizábal A, Castellví P, Parés-Badell O, Almenara J, Alonso I, Blasco M, et al. Sexual orientation and suicidal behaviour in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;211(2):77–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Badenes-Ribera L, Frias-Navarro D, Bonilla-Campos A, Pons-Salvador G, Monterde-i-Bort H. Intimate partner violence in self-identified lesbians: a meta-analysis of its prevalence. Sexuality Res Social Policy. 2015;12(1):47–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Badenes-Ribera L, Bonilla-Campos A, Frias-Navarro D, Pons-Salvador G, Monterde-i-Bort H. Intimate partner violence in self-identified lesbians: a systematic review of its prevalence and correlates. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2016;17(3):284–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Badenes-Ribera L, Sanchez-Meca J, Longobardi C. The relationship between internalized homophobia and intimate partner violence in same-sex relationships: a meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019;20(3):331–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Alessi EJ, Cheung S, Kahn S, Yu M. A scoping review of the experiences of violence and abuse among sexual and gender minority migrants across the migration trajectory. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021;22(5):1339–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bermea AM, van Eeden-Moorefield B, Khaw L. A systematic review of research on intimate partner violence among bisexual women. Journal of Bisexuality. 2018;18(4):399–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Blondeel K, De Vasconcelos S, García-Moreno C, Stephenson R, Temmerman M, Toskin I. Violence motivated by perception of sexual orientation and gender identity: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2018;96(1):29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Buller AM, Devries KM, Howard LM, Bacchus LJ. Associations between intimate partner violence and health among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;11(3):e1001609.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Burke LK, Follingstad DR. Violence in lesbian and gay relationships: theory, prevalence, and correlational factors. Clin Psychol Rev. 1999;19(5):487–512.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Callan A, Corbally M, McElvaney R. A scoping review of intimate partner violence as it relates to the experiences of gay and bisexual men. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021;22(2):233–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Collier KL, Van Beusekom G, Bos HM, Sandfort TG. Sexual orientation and gender identity/expression related peer victimization in adolescence: a systematic review of associated psychosocial and health outcomes. J Sex Res. 2013;50(3–4):299–317.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Dame J, Oliffe JL, Hill N, Carrier L, Evans-Amalu K. Sexual violence among men who have sex with men and two-spirit peoples: a scoping review. Can J Hum Sex. 2020;29(2):240–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Decker M, Littleton HL, Edwards KM. An updated review of the literature on LGBTQ+ intimate partner violence. Curr Sex Health Rep. 2018;10(4):265–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Edwards KM, Sylaska KM, Neal AM. Intimate partner violence among sexual minority populations: a critical review of the literature and agenda for future research. Psychol Violence. 2015;5(2):112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Fedewa AL, Ahn S. The effects of bullying and peer victimization on sexual-minority and heterosexual youths: a quantitative meta-analysis of the literature. J GLBT Fam Stud. 2011;7(4):398–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Feijóo S, Rodríguez-Fernández R. A meta-analytical review of gender-based school bullying in Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):12687.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Finneran C, Stephenson R. Intimate partner violence among men who have sex with men: a systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2013;14(2):168–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Friedman MS, Marshal MP, Guadamuz TE, Wei C, Wong CF, Saewyc EM, et al. A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(8):1481–94.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Jeffries S, Ball M. Male same-sex intimate partner violence: a descriptive review and call for further research. eLaw J: Murdoch University Electronic J Law. 2008;15(1):134–79.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Katz-Wise SL, Hyde JS. Victimization experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals: a meta-analysis. J Sex Res. 2012;49(2–3):142–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kimmes JG, Mallory AB, Spencer C, Beck AR, Cafferky B, Stith SM. A meta-analysis of risk markers for intimate partner violence in same-sex relationships. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019;20(3):374–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kirk-Provencher KT, Spillane NS, Schick MR, Chalmers SJ, Hawes C, Orchowski LM. Sexual and gender minority inclusivity in bystander intervention programs to prevent violence on college campuses: a critical review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2021;15248380211021606.

  65. Laskey P, Bates EA, Taylor JC. A systematic literature review of intimate partner violence victimisation: an inclusive review across gender and sexuality. Aggress Violent Beh. 2019;47:1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Longobardi C, Badenes-Ribera L. Intimate partner violence in same-sex relationships and the role of sexual minority stressors: a systematic review of the past 10 years. J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26(8):2039–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Martín-Castillo D, Jiménez-Barbero JA, Pastor-Bravo MdM, Sánchez-Muñoz M, Fernández-Espín ME, García-Arenas JJ. School victimization in transgender people: a systematic review. Children Youth Serv Rev. 2020;119:C.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Mason TB, Lewis RJ, Milletich RJ, Kelley ML, Minifie JB, Derlega VJ. Psychological aggression in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals’ intimate relationships: a review of prevalence, correlates, and measurement issues. Aggress Violent Beh. 2014;19(3):219–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. McGeough BL, Sterzing PR. A systematic review of family victimization experiences among sexual minority youth. J Primary Prevent. 2018;39(5):491–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Mendes WG, Duarte MJdO, Andrade CAFd, Silva CMFPd. Systematic review of the characteristics of LGBT homicides. Ciencia & saude coletiva. 2021;26:5615–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Murray CE, Mobley AK. Empirical research about same-sex intimate partner violence: a methodological review. J Homosex. 2009;56(3):361–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Myers W, Turanovic JJ, Lloyd KM, Pratt TC. The victimization of LGBTQ students at school: a meta-analysis. J Sch Violence. 2020;19(4):421–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Nadal KL, Whitman CN, Davis LS, Erazo T, Davidoff KC. Microaggressions toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and genderqueer people: a review of the literature. J Sex Res. 2016;53(4–5):488–508.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Peitzmeier SM, Malik M, Kattari SK, Marrow E, Stephenson R, Agénor M, et al. Intimate partner violence in transgender populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and correlates. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(9):e1–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Penone G, Guarnaccia C. Intimate partner violence within same sex couples: a qualitative review of the literature from a psychodynamic perspective. Int J Psychoanalysis Educ. 2018;10(1):32–46.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Rollè L, Giardina G, Caldarera AM, Gerino E, Brustia P. When intimate partner violence meets same sex couples: a review of same sex intimate partner violence. Front Psychol. 2018;9:1506.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Rothman EF, Exner D, Baughman AL. The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual in the United States: a systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2011;12(2):55–66.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Schneeberger AR, Dietl MF, Muenzenmaier KH, Huber CG, Lang UE. Stressful childhood experiences and health outcomes in sexual minority populations: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49(9):1427–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Stiles-Shields C, Carroll RA. Same-sex domestic violence: prevalence, unique aspects, and clinical implications. J Sex Marital Ther. 2015;41(6):636–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Tobin V, Delaney KR. Child abuse victimization among transgender and gender nonconforming people: a systematic review. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2019;55(4):576–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Toomey RB, Russell ST. The role of sexual orientation in school-based victimization: a meta-analysis. Youth & society. 2016;48(2):176–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Tran D, Sullivan CT, Nicholas L. Lateral violence and microaggressions in the LGBTQ+ community: a scoping review. J Homosexuality. 2022;1–15.

  83. Westwood S. Abuse and older lesbian, gay bisexual, and trans (LGBT) people: a commentary and research agenda. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2019;31(2):97–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Xu Y, Zheng Y. Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among lesbian, gay, and bisexual people: a meta-analysis. J Child Sex Abus. 2015;24(3):315–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Fish JN. Sexual minority youth are at a disadvantage: what now? Lancet Child Adolescent Health. 2020;4(1):3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Schrager SM, Goldbach JT, Mamey MR. Development of the sexual minority adolescent stress inventory. Front Psychol. 2018;9:319.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Goldbach C, Knutson D. Gender-related minority stress and gender dysphoria: development and initial validation of the Gender Dysphoria Triggers Scale (GDTS). Psychol Sexual Orientation Gender Diversity. 2021

  89. Wells L, Fotheringham S. A global review of violence prevention plans: where are the men and boys? Int Social Work. 2021;0020872820963430.

  90. Cannon CE. What services exist for LGBTQ perpetrators of intimate partner violence in batterer intervention programs across North America? Qualitative Study Partner Abuse. 2019;10(2):222–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Donovan C, Barnes R. Help-seeking among lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender victims/survivors of domestic violence and abuse: the impacts of cisgendered heteronormativity and invisibility. J Sociol. 2020;56(4):554–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Brooks D, Wirtz AL, Celentano D, Beyrer C, Hailey-Fair K, Arrington-Sanders R. Gaps in science and evidence-based interventions to respond to intimate partner violence among Black gay and bisexual men in the US: a call for an intersectional social justice approach. Sex Cult. 2021;25(1):306–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Nock MK, Ramirez F, Rankin O. Advancing our understanding of the who, when, and why of suicide risk. JAMA Psychiat. 2019;76(1):11–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Decker MR, Wilcox HC, Holliday CN, Webster DW. An integrated public health approach to interpersonal violence and suicide prevention and response. Publ Health Rep. 2018;133(1_suppl):65S-79S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Uehara E, Flynn M, Fong R, Brekke J, Barth RP, Coulton C, et al. Grand challenges for social work. J Soc Social Work Res. 2013;4(3):165–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Clark KA, Blosnich JR, Coulter RWS, Bamwine P, Bossarte RM, Cochran SD. Sexual orientation differences in gun ownership and beliefs about gun safety policy, General Social Survey 2010–2016. Violence Gender. 2020;7(1):6–10.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  97. Smith TW, Son J. Trends in gun ownership in the United States, 1972–2014. Chicago, IL: NORC; 2015. p. 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Miller SV. What Americans think about gun control: evidence from the General Social Survey, 1972–2016. Soc Sci Q. 2019;100(1):272–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Mann JJ, Michel CA. Prevention of firearm suicide in the United States: what works and what is possible. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173(10):969–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Blosnich JR, Clark KA, Mays VM, Cochran SD. Sexual and gender minority status and firearms in the household: findings from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. California Texas Publ Health Rep. 2020;135(6):778–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Anestis MD, Bryan CJ, Capron DW, Bryan AO. Lethal means counseling, distribution of cable locks, and safe firearm storage practices among the Mississippi National Guard: a factorial randomized controlled trial, 2018–2020. Am J Publ Health. 2021;111(2):309–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Zwald ML, Holland KM, Annor F, Kite-Powell A, Sumner SA, Bowen D, et al. Monitoring suicide-related events using National Syndromic Surveillance Program data. Online J Publ Health Informatics. 2019;11:1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Haas AP, Lane AD, Blosnich JR, Butcher BA, Mortali MG. Collecting sexual orientation and gender identity information at death. Am J Public Health. 2019;109(2):255–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Ream GL. What’s unique about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth and young adult suicides? Findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System. J Adolesc Health. 2019;64(5):602–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Blosnich JR, Butcher BA, Mortali MG, Lane AD, Haas AP. Training death investigators to identify decedents' sexual orientation and gender identity: a feasibility study. American J Forensic Med Pathol. 2021

  106. Haas AP, Eliason M, Mays VM, Mathy RM, Cochran SD, D’Augelli AR, et al. Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: review and recommendations. J Homosex. 2010;58(1):10–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Stotzer RL. Violence against transgender people: a review of United States data. Aggress Violent Beh. 2009;14(3):170–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

JRB was supported by research awards from the National Institutes of Health New Innovators Award and the National Institute of Mental Health (DP2MH129967; R21MH125360).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W 34th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    John R. Blosnich

  2. Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA

    John R. Blosnich

Authors
  1. John R. Blosnich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John R. Blosnich.

Ethics declarations

Disclaimer

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the institutions, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US Government.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Injury Epidemiology

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 604 KB)

Supplementary file2 (DOCX 277 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Blosnich, J.R. Interpersonal and Self-Directed Violence Among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: Moving Research from Prevalence to Prevention. Curr Epidemiol Rep 9, 142–160 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-022-00299-4

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-022-00299-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation