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Molar–incisor hypomineralisation in Lebanon: association with prenatal, natal and postnatal factors

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Abstract

Background

Molar–incisor hypomineralisation is an enamel developmental defect highly prevalent in Lebanon. Literature suggests that perinatal conditions and childhood illnesses might be potential aetiological factors for this affection.

Aims

This case–control study aimed to investigate the association of MIH with prenatal, natal and postnatal factors amongst 7–9 years Lebanese children and to end up with recommendations to overcome its occurrence.

Methods

Self-administered, structured questionnaire including potential etiological factors was distributed to 659 MIH and non-MIH children’s parents. The analysis of data was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Computer Software (SPSS 21.0, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For Statistical analysis, Pearson’s chi-square, Fischer’s exact test and multivariate regression model were used. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Children whose mothers had consumed food and drinks canned during pregnancy had 2.9 (CI: 1.367 to 6.187) times more likely to have MIH. Those who had history of taking antibiotics had 2.15 (CI: 1.186 to 3.909) times higher odds of MIH than those who did not have while those who had fever episodes during the early childhood years were 2.057 (CI: 1.149 to 3.683) times more likely to develop MIH.

Conclusion

During early childhood, careful handling of high fever, greater public awareness regarding misuse of antibiotics and education about bisphenol A and how to avoid it during pregnancy and breastfeeding are recommended to decrease the occurrence of MIH.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, R.E., upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon

    R. Elzein & R. Bacho

  2. Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

    E. Chouery

  3. Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cellular Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon

    F. Abdel-Sater

  4. Department of Forensic Odontology, Human Identification and Anthropology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon

    F. Ayoub

Authors
  1. R. Elzein
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  2. E. Chouery
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  3. F. Abdel-Sater
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  4. R. Bacho
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  5. F. Ayoub
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Rola Elzein, and Fadi Abdel-Sater. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Rola Elzein and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to R. Elzein.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

The present study was approved by both Ethics Committees of the Lebanese University (#76/2017) and Saint-Joseph University of Beirut (#USJ-2017–143).

Consent to participate

All parents or guardians of the participating children were informed about the study before their enrolment and they gave voluntary consent.

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Elzein, R., Chouery, E., Abdel-Sater, F. et al. Molar–incisor hypomineralisation in Lebanon: association with prenatal, natal and postnatal factors. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 22, 283–290 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-020-00555-5

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