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Effect of Combination Therapy of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor on Clinical Outcome and Pulmonary Haemodynamics in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

Background

The combination of an endothelin receptor antagonist and a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor having different biological targets has become an integral part of the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension; however, several clinical studies have reported conflicting results.

Objective

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of an endothelin receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor combination in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods

After performing a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, Cochrane and the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform, reviewers assessed eligibility and extracted data from seven relevant articles (publications till December 2018). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed in the selection, analysis and reporting of findings. The odds ratio and mean difference were calculated to estimate the difference in clinical worsening, 6-minute walking distance, pulmonary vascular resistance and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide between the groups. Quality assessment was performed using the risk of bias assessment tool and a meta-regression for probable variables affecting effect size.

Results

The random-effect model analysis revealed an odds ratio of 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.76; p = 0.0002] for clinical worsening, mean difference of 15.64 (95% CI 2.67–28.61; p = 0.02) for 6-minute walking distance, − 1.66 (95% CI − 3.82 to 0.50; p = 0.13) for pulmonary vascular resistance and − 21.04 (95% CI − 26.87 to − 15.22; p < 0.00001) for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. The meta-regression showed no statistically significant association between the dose and duration of treatment and outcomes (odds ratio of clinical worsening and mean difference of 6-minute walking distance).

Conclusions

In pulmonary arterial hypertension, endothelin receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor combination therapy significantly improved 6-minute walking distance, clinical worsening and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide compared with the monotherapy but did not offer any advantage in improving pulmonary vascular resistance.

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CRD42018091133.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Sijua, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Lopamudra Kirtania, Rituparna Maiti, Anand Srinivasan & Archana Mishra

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  1. Lopamudra Kirtania
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  2. Rituparna Maiti
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Correspondence to Rituparna Maiti.

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No funding was received to conduct this meta-analysis.

Conflict of interest

Lopamudra Kirtania, Rituparna Maiti, Anand Srinivasan and Archana Mishra have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

Author contributions

LK, RM and AM contributed substantially to the study design, protocol writing and registration, data extraction, data analysis, interpretation and the writing of the manuscript. AS contributed to the study design, data analysis, and interpretation, and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All authors gave final approval of the version to be published.

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Kirtania, L., Maiti, R., Srinivasan, A. et al. Effect of Combination Therapy of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor on Clinical Outcome and Pulmonary Haemodynamics in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Drug Investig 39, 1031–1044 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-019-00841-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-019-00841-1

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