Abstract
Gum ghatti is a high molecular weight anionic polysaccharide used in food and pharmaceutically applied as binder, thickener, emulsifier and sustained release matrix as promising polysaccharide which has not been explored as mucoadhesive polymer. The present study was carried out to evaluate gum ghatti as mucoadhesive polymer by preparing buccal disc using metronidazole as model drug. The effect of varying concentration of gum ghatti and compression pressure on ex vivo bioadhesion time and in vitro release was studied using 2-factor 3-level central composite experimental design. Metronidazole loaded gum ghatti buccal discs were evaluated by weight uniformity, thickness, friability and content uniformity. Ex vivo bioadhesion time of buccal disc was measured as time taken by buccal disc to detach from chicken buccal pouch. In vitro release behavior was studied by adhering disc to the bottom of vessel using USP type II (TDT-08L Electrolab, Mumbai, India) dissolution release apparatus. The release data was fitted into various kinetic models. The prepared buccal discs were of uniform average weight, thickness, drug content and having friability less than 1 %. The results of optimization study revealed that increasing the proportion of gum ghatti results in increase in bioadhesion time and decrease the release rate while increasing compression pressure was found to increase the release rate. The present work concluded that gum ghatti is promising mucoadhesive polymer which can be used effectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahuja M, Kumar S, Yadav M (2010) Evaluation of Mimosa seed mucilage as bioadhesive polymer. Yakusaku Zasshi 130:937–944
Ahuja M, Kumar S, Kumar A (2013) Evaluation of mucoadhesive potential of gum cordia, an anionic polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 55:109–112
Arora G, Malik K, Rana V, Singh I (2012) Gum ghatti—a pharmaceutical excipient: development, evaluation and optimization of sustained release mucoadhesive matrix tablets of domperidone. Acta Pol Pharm Drug Res 69:725–737
Bhardwaj TR, Kanwar M, Lal R, Gupta A (2000) Locust bean gum and its application in pharmacy and biotechnology: an overview. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 26:1025–1038
Castellant O, Al-Assaf S, Axelos M, Phillips OG, Anton M (2010) Hydrocolloids with emulsifying capacity. Part 2. Adsorption properties at the n-haxadecane–water interface. Food Hydrocoll 24:121–130
Deshmukh AS, Setty CM, Badiger AM, Muralikrishna KS (2012) Gum ghatti: a promising polysaccharide for pharmaceutical applications. Carbohydr Polym 87:980–986
Jain N, Banik A (2013) Novel interpenetrating polymer network mucoadhesive microspheres of gum ghatti and poly(vinyl alcohol) for the delivery of ranitidine Hcl. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 6:119–123
Kaith SB, Jindal R, Mittal H, Kumar K (2010a) Temperature, pH and electric stimulus responsive hydrogels from gum ghatti and polyacrylamide-synthesis, characterization and swelling studies. Der Chemica Sinica 1:44–54
Kaith SB, Jindal R, Mittal H, Kumar K (2010b) Superabsorbant hydrogel from poly (acrylamide-co-acrlyonitrile) grafted gum ghatti with salt, pH and temperature responsive properties. Der Chemica Sinica 1:92–103
Kang J, Cui SW, Chen J, Phillips GO, Wu Y, Wang Q (2011) New studies on gum ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia) part I. Fractionation, chemical and physical characterization of gum. Food Hydrocoll 25:1984–1990
Karavas E, Georgarakis E, Bikiaris D (2006) Application of PVP/HPMC miscible blends with enhanced mucoadhesive properties for adjusting drug release in predictable pulsatile chronotherapeutics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 64:115–126
Kurosaki Y, Kimura T (2000) Regional variations in oral mucosal drug permeability. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 17:467–508
Langoth N, Kalbe J, Schnurch AB (2003) Developmentof buccal drug delivery system based on a thiolated polymer. Int J Pharm 252:141–148
Metia PK, Bandyopadhyaya AK (2008a) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel mucoadhesive buccal oxytocin tablet prepared with Dillenia indica fruit mucilage. Yakugaku Zasshi 63:270–274
Metia PK, Bandyopadhyaya AK (2008b) In vitro evaluation of novel mucoadhesive buccal tablet of oxytocin prepared with Diospyros peregrina fruit mucilage. Yakugaku Zasshi 128:603–619
Mongia NK, Anseth KS, Peppas NA (1996) Mucoadhesive poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels produced by freezing/thawing processes: applications in the development of wound healing systems. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 7:1055–1064
Perioli L, Ambrogi V, Rubini D, Giovagnoli S, Ricci M, Blasi P, Rossi C (2004) Novel mucoadhesive buccal formulation containing metronidazole for the treatment of periodontal disease. J Control Release 95:521–533
Perioli L, Ambrogi V, Giovagnoli S, Blasi P, Mancini A, Ricci M, Rossi C (2008) Influence of compression force on the behavior of mucoadhesive buccal tablets. AAPS PharmsciTech 9:274–281
Ravi V, Kumar TMP, Siddaramaiah (2012a) Ghatti gum based matrix tablets for oral sustained delivery of metoprolol succinate. Int J Pharm Sci 4:210–216
Ravi V, Kumar TMP, Siddaramaiah (2012b) Investigation of ghatti gum as a carrier to develop sustained release floating tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride. Thai J Pharm Sci 36:155–164
Reddy MM, Reddy DJ, Moin A, Shivakumar HG (2011) Formulation of sustained release matrix tablet using Chitosan/Ghatti gum polyelectrolyte complex. Der Pharmacia Lettre 3:119–128
Singh B, Metha G, Kumar R, Bhatia A, Ahuja N, Katare OP (2005) Design, development and optimization of nimesulide-loaded liposomal systems for topical application. Curr Drug Deliv 2:143–153
Singh B, Chakkal SK, Ahuja N (2006) Formulation and optimization of controlled release mucoadhesive tablets of atenolol using response surface methodology. AAPS PharmSciTech 7:E19–E28
Smart JD (2005) The basis and underlying mechanism of mucoadhesion. Adv Drug Del Rev 57:1556–1568
Yehia SA, El-Gazayerly ON, Basalious EB (2008) Design and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of novel mucoadhesive buccal discs of an antifungal drug: relationship between swelling, erosion, and drug release. AAPS PharmSciTech 9:1207–1217
Acknowledgments
This article does not contain any studies with human and animal subjects performed by any of the authors. All authors (S. Jangra, M. Ahuja, and A. Kumar) declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors are grateful to the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi for providing financial assistance under the scheme of Major Research Project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jangra, S., Ahuja, M. & Kumar, A. Evaluation of mucoadhesive property of gum ghatti. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 43, 481–487 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-013-0093-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-013-0093-0