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Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review

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Abstract

The circulation of seed among farmers is central to agrobiodiversity conservation and dynamics. Agrobiodiversity, the diversity of agricultural systems from genes to varieties and crop species, from farming methods to landscape composition, is part of humanity’s cultural heritage. Whereas agrobiodiversity conservation has received much attention from researchers and policy makers over the last decades, the methods available to study the role of seed exchange networks in preserving crop biodiversity have only recently begun to be considered. In this overview, we present key concepts, methods, and challenges to better understand seed exchange networks so as to improve the chances that traditional crop varieties (landraces) will be preserved and used sustainably around the world. The available literature suggests that there is insufficient knowledge about the social, cultural, and methodological dimensions of environmental change, including how seed exchange networks will cope with changes in climates, socio-economic factors, and family structures that have supported seed exchange systems to date. Methods available to study the role of seed exchange networks in the preservation and adaptation of crop specific and genetic diversity range from meta-analysis to modelling, from participatory approaches to the development of bio-indicators, from genetic to biogeographical studies, from anthropological and ethnographic research to the use of network theory. We advocate a diversity of approaches, so as to foster the creation of robust and policy-relevant knowledge. Open challenges in the study of the role of seed exchange networks in biodiversity conservation include the development of methods to (i) enhance farmers’ participation to decision-making in agro-ecosystems, (ii) integrate ex situ and in situ approaches, (iii) achieve interdisciplinary research collaboration between social and natural scientists, and (iv) use network analysis as a conceptual framework to bridge boundaries among researchers, farmers and policy makers, as well as other stakeholders.

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks to A. Balmford, M. Bellon, R. Blatrix, O. Holdenrieder, M. Jeger, B. Laporte, M. Moslonka-Lefebvre, A. Rodrigues, and E. Zanini for insights and discussions, to R. Freckleton, O. Holdenrieder, and T. Matoni for comments on a previous draft, and to the French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB) and the Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB) for supporting this work (NETSEED project).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175 CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France

    Marco Pautasso, Sophie Caillon, François Massol & Doyle McKey

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary

    Guntra Aistara

  3. UMR DIADE, Equipe DYNADIV, IRD Montpellier, 34394, Montpellier, France

    Adeline Barnaud

  4. UPR Systèmes des cultures annuelles, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France

    Pascal Clouvel & Pierre Martin

  5. Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada

    Oliver T. Coomes

  6. Laboratoire d’Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 75231, Paris, France

    Marc Delêtre & Elise Demeulenaere

  7. Agricultural Biodiversity and Ecosystems, Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese, Rome, Italy

    Paola De Santis & Devra Jarvis

  8. The Organic Research Centre, Hamstead Marshall, RG20 0HR, UK

    Thomas Döring

  9. UMR 5281 Art-Dev, CNRS, 34099, Montpellier, France

    Ludivine Eloy

  10. Département HNS, UMR 208 IRD-MNHN « Patrimoines locaux » (Paloc), 75231, Paris, France

    Laure Emperaire

  11. Laboratoire d’Ethnologie et de Sociologie Comparative, CNRS, Université Paris Ouest-Nanterre, MAE, 92023, Nanterre, France

    Eric Garine

  12. UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA-CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Isabelle Goldringer & Mathieu Thomas

  13. CIRAD-Bios/UMR 5175, CEFE, 34293, Montpellier, France

    Hélène I. Joly & Clélia Soler

  14. UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France

    Christian Leclerc & Selim Louafi

  15. CEMAGREF—UR HYAX, 13182, Aix-en-Provence, France

    François Massol

  16. School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK

    Shawn McGuire

  17. CIFOR, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat 16115, Indonesia and Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA

    Christine Padoch

  18. Dipartimento Colture Arboree, Plant Physiology, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy and European Food Safety Authority, 43121, Parma, Italy

    Sara Tramontini

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  1. Marco Pautasso
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Correspondence to Marco Pautasso.

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Pautasso, M., Aistara, G., Barnaud, A. et al. Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 33, 151–175 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0089-6

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