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Direct catalytic conversion of bagasse fibers to furan building blocks in organic and ionic solvents

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Abstract

The applications of lignocellulosic wastes to produce a wide variety of products, including biochemicals, biomaterials, and biofuels, can be an effective solution for utilizing these valuable waste materials. In this study, the production of furan building blocks from bagasse fibers was investigated by treating unbleached fibers with NMMO, [Bmim]Cl, and TMAH at different temperatures using AlCl3 and CrCl2 as the catalysts. The resulted liquors were extracted with CH2Cl2 to obtain furan rich fraction. Analysis of extracted fractions with GC/MS indicates the production of various furanic compounds due to catalytic solvolysis with different solvents at elevated temperatures. 2(3H)-Furanone and 2-methyl-THF were the main products of catalytic treatment of bagasse fibers with NMMO. Treatment by [Bmim]Cl resulted in 2,5-dihydro furanone as the dominant product at elevated temperatures. Furan carboxylic acid methyl ester and 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester were the main TMAH reaction products with unbleached fibers. The results indicate that the type of solvent affects the solvolysis rate and dehydration of cellulose to furanic compounds. Moreover, increasing the temperature led to an increase in the formation of the furanic compounds.

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Abbreviations

MF:

Methyl furan

FA:

Furanic acid

NMMO:

n-Methyl morpholine oxide

[Bmim]Cl:

1-Butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride

TMAH:

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide

AlCl3 :

Aluminum chloride (III)

CrCl2 :

Chromium chloride (II)

HMF:

Hydroxymethylfurfural

DMF:

Dimethyl furan

FDCA:

Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid

FF:

Furfural

FCA:

Furan carboxylic acids

PTA:

Terephthalic acid

DMTHF:

3-Methyl-tetrahydrofuran

MFCA:

Methylfuran-2-carboxylic acid

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

LAC:

1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-2-one

LG:

Levoglucosan

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their appreciation to Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) for supporting this research under grant number 87040180.

Funding

This study was supported by the Iran National Science Foundation (87040180).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

    Ali Abdulkhani, Meraj Siahrang, Sahab Hedjazi, Sanaz Torkameh & Mehdi Faezipour

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE, London, UK

    Zahra Echresh Zadeh

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  1. Ali Abdulkhani
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Abdulkhani, A., Siahrang, M., Zadeh, Z.E. et al. Direct catalytic conversion of bagasse fibers to furan building blocks in organic and ionic solvents. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 6037–6048 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01592-w

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