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Modification of grape pulp with citric acid for the production of natural ion exchanger resin and removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solutions: kinetic, thermodynamics, and mechanism

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Abstract

In this study, grape pulp (MGP) modified with NaOH and citric acid was used in the production of natural ion exchangers. The effects of parameters such as initial pH, MGP dosage, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, and contact time on the removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions using modified materials were investigated by batch experiments. It was found that the experimental kinetic data fit the second-order model, and the activation energy for Pb (II) and Cd (II) adsorption processes were 20.68 and 38.61 kj mol−1, respectively. Although the initial adsorption rate increases with increasing temperature, the adsorption efficiency slightly decreases. It was calculated that the equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm better, and the maximum adsorption capacities for Pb (II) and Cd (II) adsorption processes were approximately 1.496 and 1.022 mmol g−1 at 25 °C, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis has shown that the adsorption processes of Pb (II) and Cd (II) are exothermic (ΔH°Pb = −35.68 kj mol−1, ΔH°Cd = −21.19 kj mol−1) and have a self-developing character.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Esra Arslanoğlu

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey

    Muhammet Ş. A. Eren

  3. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Hasan Arslanoğlu

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Harun Çiftçi

Authors
  1. Esra Arslanoğlu
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  2. Muhammet Ş. A. Eren
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  3. Hasan Arslanoğlu
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  4. Harun Çiftçi
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Correspondence to Hasan Arslanoğlu.

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Highlights

• Ion exchange resins were tested under typical and challenging conditions.

• Performance of resins was better than conventional resins.

• It has been ensured that Pb and Cd are effectively removed from waste water.

• pH 4.8 high Pb and Cd adsorption was obtained with the modified ion exchanger.

• Ion exchange resins can be reused to reduce process cost and byproduct production.

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Arslanoğlu, E., Eren, M.Ş.A., Arslanoğlu, H. et al. Modification of grape pulp with citric acid for the production of natural ion exchanger resin and removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solutions: kinetic, thermodynamics, and mechanism. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 2349–2362 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01521-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01521-x

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