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Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics Over a Square Cylinder: Effect of Corner Radius and Nanofluid Volume Fraction

  • Research Article - Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract

A numerical study of the consequence of the corner roundness of a square cylinder and nanofluid volume fraction on the warmth transmission and fluid flow phenomenon were studied at low Re (\({ Re}=100\)). The existing nanofluid is made by blending the water with copper nanoparticles, and the blending percentage is in the range of 0–15 % and the corner radius is varying from 0.5D (circle) to 0.71D (square). The numerical solution is accomplished by a FVM-based code. The fluid flow and the warmth transmission characteristics of the sharp and curved surrounded square chamber were considered with the vorticity, isotherm contours, drag and lift coefficients, local Nusselt number \((\textit{Nu}_{\mathrm{local}})\) and average Nusselt number \((\textit{Nu}_{\mathrm{avg}})\) at various volume fractions and for several corner roundness. It is found that the heat transfer amount is maximum at \(r=0.51\), whereas at \(r=0.50\), the fluid forces are least for the every volume fractions.

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Abbreviations

\(C_\mathrm{p}\) :

Specific heat (J/kg k)

D :

Cross-sectional area in the flow direction (m)

h :

Local convective heat transfer coefficient (\(\hbox {W/m}^{2}\,\hbox {k}\))

H :

Height of the domain (m)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

\({L}_{\mathrm{d}}\) :

Downstream face distance from the cylinder center (m)

\({L}_{\mathrm{u}}\) :

Upstream face distance from the cylinder center (m)

n :

The direction normal to the cylinder surface

Nu :

Local Nusselt number on the cylinder surface (dimensionless)

\(\textit{Nu}_{\mathrm{avg}}\) :

Surface-averaged Nusselt number over the cylinder surface (dimensionless)

Pr :

Prandtl \(\hbox {number}\left( =\frac{\mu _\mathrm{f} C_{{P_\mathrm{f}}}}{K_\mathrm{f}}\right) \) (dimensionless)

Re :

Reynolds number \(\left( =\frac{{\rho }_\mathrm{f} U_{\infty } D}{\mu _\mathrm{f}}\right) \) (dimensionless)

St :

Strouhal Number (dimensionless)

t :

Time (dimensionless)

T :

Temperature (K)

\({U}_{\infty }\) :

Free stream velocity (m/s)

x, y :

Cartesian coordinates

\({p}_{\infty }\) :

Free stream pressure

u, v :

Velocity components in x and y directions (dimensionless)

\(\alpha \) :

Thermal diffusivity (\(\hbox {m}^{2}{/}\hbox {s}\))

\(\beta \) :

Thermal expansion coefficient (1/K)

\(\mu \) :

Dynamic viscosity (kg/ms)

\(\rho \) :

Density \((\hbox {kg/m}^{3})\)

\(\theta \) :

Dimensionless temperature

\(\upsilon \) :

Kinematic viscosity (\(\hbox {m}^{2}\)/s)

eff:

Effective property

f:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Nanoparticle

\(\infty \) :

Free stream

w:

Cylinder surface

r.m.s:

Root mean squared

–:

Dimensional variable

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, 799046, India

    Prasenjit Dey & Ajoy kumar Das

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  1. Prasenjit Dey
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  2. Ajoy kumar Das
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Correspondence to Prasenjit Dey.

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Dey, P., Das, A.k. Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics Over a Square Cylinder: Effect of Corner Radius and Nanofluid Volume Fraction. Arab J Sci Eng 42, 1687–1698 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2276-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2276-2

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