Abstract
HIV-1 clade C isolates show reduced Tat protein chemoattractant activity compared with clade B. This might influence neuropathogenesis by altering trafficking of monocytes into the CNS. A previous study suggested low rates of HIV-associated dementia in clade C-infected individuals. The present study evaluated neurocognitive impairment rates in clade B- and C-infected individuals from the same local population. HIV+ and HIV− participants were recruited from the same geographic region in Southern Brazil. We evaluated neuropsychological (NP) impairment using a screening instrument (the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS)), as well as a Brazilian Portuguese adaptation of a comprehensive battery that has demonstrated sensitivity to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) internationally. NP performance in controls was used to generate T scores and impairment ratings by the global deficit score (GDS) method. Clade assignments were ascertained by sequencing pol and env. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from all HIV+ participants. HIV+ and HIV− participants were comparable on demographic characteristics. HIV+ participants overall were more likely to be impaired than HIV− by the IHDS and the GDS. Clade B- and C-infected individuals were demographically similar and did not differ significantly in rates of impairment. The prevalence of pleocytosis, a marker of intrathecal cellular chemotaxis, also did not differ between clade B and C infections. Clade B and C HIV-infected individuals from the same geographic region, when ascertained using comparable methods, did not differ in their rates of neurocognitive impairment, and there was no evidence of differences in CNS chemotaxis.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by NIH R21 MH76651 (PI: R. Ellis, S. Almeida). The San Diego HIV HNRP group is affiliated with the University of California, San Diego, the Naval Hospital, San Diego, and the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and includes Director: Igor Grant, MD; Co-Directors: J. Hampton Atkinson, MD, Ronald J. Ellis, MD, PhD, and J. Allen McCutchan, MD; Center Manager: Thomas D. Marcotte, PhD; Jennifer Marquie-Beck, MPH; Melanie Sherman; Neuromedical Component: Ronald J. Ellis, MD, PhD (P.I.), J. Allen McCutchan, MD, Scott Letendre, MD, Edmund Capparelli, PharmD, Rachel Schrier, PhD, Terry Alexander, RN, Debra Rosario, MPH, and Shannon LeBlanc; Neurobehavioral Component: Robert K. Heaton, PhD (P.I.), Steven Paul Woods, PsyD, Mariana Cherner, PhD, David J. Moore, PhD, and Matthew Dawson; Neuroimaging Component: Terry Jernigan, PhD (P.I.), Christine Fennema-Notestine, PhD, Sarah L. Archibald, MA, John Hesselink, MD, Jacopo Annese, PhD, Michael J. Taylor, PhD; Neurobiology Component: Eliezer Masliah, MD (P.I.), Cristian Achim, MD, PhD, and Ian Everall, FRCPsych, FRCPath, PhD (Consultant); Neurovirology Component: Douglas Richman, MD, (P.I.) and David M. Smith, MD; International Component: J. Allen McCutchan, MD, (P.I.); Developmental Component: Cristian Achim, MD, PhD; (P.I.) and Stuart Lipton, MD, PhD; Participant Accrual and Retention Unit: J. Hampton Atkinson, MD (P.I.); Data Management Unit: Anthony C. Gamst, PhD (P.I.) and Clint Cushman (Data Systems Manager); and Statistics Unit: Ian Abramson, PhD (P.I.), Florin Vaida, PhD, Reena Deutsch, PhD, and Anya Umlauf, MS.
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de Almeida, S.M., Ribeiro, C.E., de Pereira, A.P. et al. Neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1 clade C- versus B-infected individuals in Southern Brazil. J. Neurovirol. 19, 550–556 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-013-0215-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-013-0215-5