Abstract
To study developmental response of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali Scott, to food shortage we reared nymphs under restricted feeding conditions produced by shortening the feeding period after molt or withholding food from second to fifth instars. For second instars, molting rates were significantly reduced as the feeding period was shortened. Shortening the feeding periods for third to fifth instars also reduced molting rates, but less so; some nymphs were able to complete their developments even if no food was given to any of the instars. Compared with controls for which feeding was not restricted, nymphs that successfully reached the next instar had reduced postmolt body size as a result of restricted feeding for all instars except the fifth (2-day feeding for second instar, and 1-day feeding for third and fourth instars), whereas instar duration was unchanged or only slightly prolonged for all instars. These results suggest that only nymphs with nutritional accumulation over a specific threshold in each instar can progress to the next instar, and that, particularly for second to fourth instars, nymphs develop on schedule without prolonging instar durations to compensate for reduced growth under conditions of food shortage.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adachi I, Uchino K, Mochizuki F (2007) Development of a pyramidal trap for monitoring fruit-piercing stink bugs baited with Plautia crossota stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) aggregation pheromone. Appl Entomol Zool 42:425–431
Agarwala BK, Yasuda H, Sato S (2008) Life history response of a predatory ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae), to food stress. Appl Entomol Zool 43:183–189
Bauerfeind SS, Fischer K (2005) Effects of food stress and density in different life stages on reproduction in a butterfly. Oikos 111:514–524
Blanckenhorn WU (1999) Different growth responses to temperature and resource limitation in three fly species with similar life history. Evol Ecol 13:395–409
Bradshaw WE, Johnson K (1995) Initiation of metamorphosis in the pitcher-plant mosquito: effects of larval growth history. Ecology 76:2055–2065
Forestry Agency (2007) Data on Japanese cedar and cypress. http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/j/hozen/kafun/data.html. Accessed 31 Mar 2007
Gebhardt MD, Stearns SC (1988) Reaction norms for developmental time and weight at reaction norms for developmental time and weight at eclosion in Dorosophila mercatorum. J Evolution Biol 4:335–354
Gotthard K (2001) Growth strategies of ectothermic animals in temperate environments. In: Atkinson D, Thorndyke M (eds) Environment and animal development. BIOS Scientific, UK, pp 287–303
Ide Y (1997) Damage of citrus by the outbreak of the stink bugs attacking fruit trees in 1996. Plant Prot 51:155–157 (in Japanese)
Katase M, Shimizu K, Nagasaki H, Adachi I (2005) Application of synthetic aggregation pheromone of Plautia crossota stali Scott to the monitoring and mass trapping of fruit-piercing stink bugs. Bull Chiba Agric Res Cent 4:135–144 (in Japanese with English summary)
Kotaki T, Hata K, Gunji M, Yagi S (1983) Rearing of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali SCOTT (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on several diets. Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool 27:63–68 (in Japanese with English summary)
Kozłowski J (1992) Optimal allocation of resources to growth and reproduction—implications for age and size at maturity. Trends Ecol Evol 7:15–19
Leclair M, Brandl R (1994) Phenotypic plasticity and nutrition in a phytophagous insect: consequences of colonizing a new host. Oecologia 100:379–385
Mau RFL, Mitchell WC (1978) Development and reproduction of the oriental stink bug, Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 71:756–757
Moriya S (1995) Ecological studies on the brown-winged green stink bug, Plautia stali SCOTT, with special reference to its occurrence and adult movement. Bull Okinawa Agric Exp Stn Suppl 5:1–135 (in Japanese)
Moriya S, Shiga M, Mabuchi M (1985) A method for successive rearing of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali SCOTT (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Bull Fruit Tree Res Stn A 12:133–143 (in Japanese with English summary)
Moriya S, Shiga M, Mabuchi M (1987) Analysis of light trap records in four major species of fruit-piercing stink bugs, with special reference to body size variation in trapped adults of Plautia stali SCOTT. Bull Fruit Tree Res Stn A 14:79–94 (in Japanese with English summary)
Nylin S (1988) Host plant specialization and seasonality in a polyphagous butterfly, Polygonia c-album (Nymphalidae). Oikos 53:381–386
Nylin S, Gotthard K (1998) Plasticity in life-history traits. Annu Rev Entomol 43:63–83
Panizzi AR (1997) Wild hosts of pentatomids: ecological significance and role in their pest status on crop. Annu Rev Entomol 42:99–122
Sato R (1997) Outbreak of the brown winged green stink bug and its damage to pear in 1996. Plant Prot 51:158–159 (in Japanese)
Shafiei M, Moczek AP, Nijhout HF (2001) Food availability controls the onset of metamorphosis in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Physiol Entomol 26:173–180
Shiga M, Moriya S (1984) Utilization of food plants by Plautia stali SCOTT (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), an experimental approach. Bull Fruit Tree Res Stn A 11:107–121 (in Japanese with English summary)
Shiga M, Moriya S (1989) Temporal and spatial differences in the conditions of the internal organs of adults of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali SCOTT (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Bull Fruit Tree Res Stn A 16:133–168 (in Japanese with English summary)
Stearns SC, Koella JC (1986) The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits: predictions of reaction norms for age and size at maturity. Evolution 40:893–913
Toomas E, Toomas T (2010) Size compensation in moth larvae: attention to larval instars. Physiol Entomol 35:222–230
Tsutsumi T (2001) A method for inspecting stylet sheaths of stink bugs on the cone of Japanese cypress. Plant Prot 55:560–562 (in Japanese)
Umeya K (1976) Outbreak of stink bugs in fruit trees. Plant Prot 30:133–141 (in Japanese)
Yamada K, Miyahara M (1980) Studies on the ecology and control some fruit-infesting stink bugs. III. Complete host plant of brown-winged green stink bug and polished green stink bug. Bull Fukuoka Hort Exp Stn 18:54–61 (in Japanese with English summary)
Yamada K, Noda M (1985) Studies on the forecasting of the occurrence for stink bugs infesting fruits. Bull Fukuoka Agric Res Cent B-4:17–24 (in Japanese with English summary)
Yanase N (1997) An analysis of damage caused by extraordinary outbreak of fruit stink bugs in 1996—persimmon—. Plant Prot 51:160–162 (in Japanese)
Zar JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan through a project entitled “Revision of forecasting systems for crop pests and diseases”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Toyama, M., Mishiro, K., Nakano, R. et al. Developmental response of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), to food shortage. Appl Entomol Zool 48, 461–467 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-013-0206-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-013-0206-2