Abstract
The buckling of submarine pipelines may occur due to the action of axial soil frictional force caused by relative movement of soil and pipeline, which is induced by the thermal and internal pressure. The likelihood of occurrence of this buckling phenomenon is largely determined by soil resistance. A series of large-scale model tests were carried out to facilitate the establishment of substantial data base for a variety of burial pipeline relationships. Based on the test data, nonlinear soil spring can be adopted to simulate the soil behavior during the pipeline movement. For uplift resistance, an ideal elasticity plasticity model is recommended in the case of H/D (depth-to-diameter ratio)>5 and an elasticity softened model is recommended in the case of H/D≤5. The soil resistance along the pipeline axial direction can be simulated by an ideal elasticity plasticity model. The numerical analyzing results show that the capacity of pipeline against thermal buckling decreases with its initial imperfection enlargement and increases with the burial depth enhancement.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boer, S., Hulsbergen, C. H., Richards, D. M. and Biaggi, J. P., 1986. Buckling considerations in the design of the gravel cover for a high temperature oil line, Proc. 18th OTC, Houston, Texas, May, 5294, 1–8.
Bransby, M. F., Newson, T. A. and Brunning, P., 2002. The upheaval capacity of pipelines in jetted clay backfill, Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng., 12(4): 280–287.
Cheuka, C. Y., Takeb, W. A., Boltonc, M. D. and Oliveira, J. R. M. S., 2007. Soil restraint on buckling oil and gas pipelines buried in lumpy clay fill, Eng. Struct., 29(6): 973–982.
Dickin, E. A., 1994. Uplift resistance of buried pipelines in sand, Soils Found., 34(2): 41–48.
Gong, S. F., Dang, X. B., Li, J. C., He, Y. and Jin, W. L., 2009. Mechanical analysis of submarine pipeline during off-bottom towing operation, China Ocean Eng., 23(4): 645–656.
American Lifelines Alliance, 2007. Guidelines for the Design of Buried Steel Pipe, ASCE.
Guijt, J., 1990. Upheaval buckling of offshore pipeline: overview and introduction, in: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual OTC, Houston, Texas, 4, 573–578.
Hobbs, R. E., 1981. Pipeline buckling caused by axial loads, J. Constr. Steel Res., 1(2): 2–10.
Hobbs, R. E., 1984. In-service buckling of heated pipelines, J. Transp. Eng., ASCE, 110(2): 175–189.
Li, Z. G., Wang, C., He, N. and Zhao, D. Y., 2008. An overview of deepwater pipeline technology, China Ocean Eng., 22(3): 521–532.
Liu, R., Yan, S. W. and Sun, G. M., 2005. Improvement of the method for marine pipeline upheaval analysis under thermal stress, Journal of Tianjin University, 38(2): 124–128. (in Chinese)
Moradi, M., and Craig, W. H., 1998. Observation of upheaval buckling of buried pipelines, in: Centrifuge 98, Kimura, Kusakabe and Takemura, eds, 693–698.
Nielsen, N. J. R., Lyngberg, B. and Pedersen, P. T., 1990. Upheaval buckling failures of insulated burial pipelines-a case story, in: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual OTC, Houston, Texas, 4, 581–592.
Palmer, A. C., White, D. J., Baumgard, A. J., Bolton, M. D., Barefoot, A. J., Finch, M., Powell, T., Faranski, A. S. and Baldry, J. S. S., 2003. Uplift resistance of buried submarine pipelines: comparison between centrifuge modeling and full-scale tests, Geotechnique, 53(10): 877–883.
Peng, L. C., 1978. Stress analysis methods for underground pipe lines: Part 2-Soil-pipe interaction lines, Pipeline Industry, (5): 65–74.
Schaminee, P. E. L., Zorn, N. F. and Schotman, G. J. M., 1990. Soil response for pipeline upheaval buckling analyses: Full-scale laboratory tests and modeling, in: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual OTC, OTC 6486, Houston, texas, 7, 563–572.
Taylor, N. and Tran, V., 1993. Prop-imperfection subsea pipeline buckling, Mar. Struct., 6(4): 325–358.
Taylor, N. and Tran, V., 1996. Experimental and theoretical studies in subsea pipeline buckling, Mar. Struct., 9(2): 211–257.
Taylor, N., Richardson, D. and Gan, A. B., 1985. On submarine pipeline frictional characteristics in the presence of buckling, Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, ASME, Dallas, Texas, February, 508–515.
Taylor, N., Tran, V. C. and Richardson, D., 1989. Interface modelling for upheaval subsea pipeline buckling, in: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, Capri, Italy, Springer-Verlag, 269–282.
Tran, V., 1994. Imperfect Upheaval Buckling of Subsea Pipelines, Ph. D. Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University.
Yan, S. W., Tian, Y. H., Liu, R., Wang, Z. L. and Wang, J. Y., 2006. Analysis on interface shear stress of thermally insulted ocean pipelines under installation, China Ocean Eng., 20(2): 315–323.
Yuan, L., Gong, S. F., Jin, W. L., Li, Z. G. and Zhao, D. Y., 2009. Analysis of buckling performance of submarine pipelines during deepwater pipe-laying operation, China Ocean Eng., 23(2): 303–316.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This object was financially supported by the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51021004), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40776055), and the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Foundation (Grant No. 1002).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, Xf., Liu, R. & Yan, Sw. Model test based soil spring model and application in pipeline thermal buckling analysis. China Ocean Eng 25, 507–518 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-011-0041-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-011-0041-6