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The biodiversity effect of reduced tillage on soil microbiota

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Abstract

The conversion of natural habitats into farmland has been a leading cause of species loss worldwide. Here, we investigated to what extent less intensive soil disturbance can mitigate this loss. Specifically, we examined whether reduced soil disturbance by tillage in agricultural fields could contribute to soil microbial biodiversity by providing a habitat for species that are limited by conventional tillage. To do so, we studied the diversity of soil biotas from three agricultural practices representing conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no tillage. Study fields were sampled by taking a bulk soil sample at the centre and edge of each field. The soil communities were recorded with environmental DNA metabarcoding using three molecular markers targeting bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes. While these three markers represent the vast majority of biotic variation in the soil, they will inevitably be dominated by the megadiverse microbiota of bacteria, microfungi and protists. We found a significant differentiation in community composition related to the intensity of tillage. Richness was weakly correlated to tillage, and more influenced by whether the sample was taken in the center or the edge of the field. Despite the significant effect of tillage on composition, comparisons with natural ecosystems revealed that all 30 study fields were much more similar in composition to other rotational fields than to more natural habitats, oldfields and leys. Despite a slightly higher similarity to oldfields and semi-natural grasslands, the contribution of no-till soil communities to biodiversity conservation is negligible, and our results indicate that restoration on set aside land may contribute more to conservation.

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Acknowledgements

Henrik Kruse Rasmussen (Agrovi) is acknowledged for contributing with information and selection of the investigated sites. The Aage V. Jensen Foundation is thanked for generous financial support to the project DNAmark and15 Juni Fonden for support to the study, through a grant to Kristian Thorup-Kristensen.

Funding

The work was supported financially by a Grant from The Aage V. Jensen Foundation to the project DNAmark, and by a Grant from 15 Juni Fonden to Kristian Thorup-Kristensen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section for Geogenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Tobias Guldberg Frøslev, Ida Broman Nielsen & Christopher James Barnes

  2. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Susana Silva Santos & Hans Henrik Bruun

  3. Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark

    Susana Silva Santos

  4. Section for Biodiversity & Conservation, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8410, Rønde, Denmark

    Rasmus Ejrnæs

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  1. Tobias Guldberg Frøslev
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  2. Ida Broman Nielsen
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  4. Christopher James Barnes
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  5. Hans Henrik Bruun
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Contributions

RE and TGF designed the study, planned the analyses, and lead the writing of the paper. IBN, SS and TGF carried out the field work. IBN did the laboratory work. TGF performed the bioinformatic and statistical analyses. All authors contributed to writing and revising the paper.

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Correspondence to Tobias Guldberg Frøslev.

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Frøslev, T.G., Nielsen, I.B., Santos, S.S. et al. The biodiversity effect of reduced tillage on soil microbiota. Ambio 51, 1022–1033 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01611-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01611-0

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