Abstract
The special words and combinations of two words (so-called collocations) that are specific references within a specialty language collectively constitute the terminology of that specialty language and characterize that language. In this paper, we analyze the specialty mathematical language produced by the scientific community of complex networks from the perspective of the theory and tools of complex networks to extract new properties and characteristics of this language. For this purpose, a linguistic corpus of 86 extended abstracts of papers (all of them based on the theory and applications of complex networks) has been used. To analyze the collocations that are part of the language terminology, a multilayer network and the line graph structure have been considered. The obtained results of our computational study show that the structure of collocations in this mathematical specialty language text corpus referred to complex networks is much more sensitive to variations in the intensity of their appearance in specialized texts than the structure of the words isolated from the specialty text itself, pointing to an intrinsic feature in the linguistic structure of this type of texts. This model can be a very useful tool for translators who work with specialized texts in the area of knowledge corresponding to the corpus studied, a particularly difficult task if the translator is not a specialist in this field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aigner M (1967) On the line graph of a directed graph. Mathematische Zeitschrift 102(1):56–61
Albert R, Barabasi AL (2002) Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74:47–97
Aleja D, Criado R, García del Amo A, Pérez A, Romance M (2019) Non-backtracking PageRank: from the classic model to Hashimoto matrices. Chaos Solitons Fract 126:283–2918
Bagga J (2004) Old and new generalizations of line graphs. IJMMS 29:1509–1521
Bar-Yam Y (1997) Dynamics of Complex Systems. Addison-Wesley, Boston
Bickerton D (2009) Adam’s tongue: how humans made language. How Language Made Humans, Hill and Wang
Boccaletti S, Latora V, Moreno Y, Chavez M, Hwang D-U (2006) Complex networks: structure and dynamics. Phys Rep 424:75–308
Boccaletti S, Bianconi G, Criado R, Del Genio CI, Gómez-Gardeñes J, Romance M, Sendiña-Nadal I, Wang Z, Zanin M (2014) The structure and dynamics of multilayer networks. Phys Rep 544(1):1–122
Boldi P, Santini M, Vigna S (2009) PageRank: functional dependencies. ACM Trans Inf Syst 27(4):19–23
Borge-Holthoefer J, Arenas A (2010) Semantic networks: structure and dynamics. Entropy 12:1264–1302
Bowker L, Pearson J (2002) Working with specialized language: a practical guide to using corpora. Routledge, Abingdon
Brin S, Page L (1998) The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine. Comput Netw 30:107
Brin S, Page L, Motwani R, Winograd T (1999) The PageRank citation ranking: bringing order to the web. Technical Report, Standford InfoLab
Byrne JA (2014) Framework for the Identification and Strategic Development of Translation Specialisms. Meta 59(1):125
Cabré MT (2010) Terminology and translation. Handb Transl Stud 1:356–365
Cárdenas JP, Losada JC, Moreira A, Torre IG, Benito RM (2011) Topological complexity in natural and formal languages. Int J Complex Syst Sci 1(2):221–225
Cárdenas JP, Olivares G, Alfaro R (2014) Clasificación automática de textos usando redes de palabras. Revista signos: estudios de lingűística 86:346–364
Chapela V, Criado R, Moral S, Romance M (2015) Intentional risk management through complex networks analysis. Springer, Heidelberg
Cong J, Liu H (2014) Approaching human language with complex networks. Phys Life Rev 11(4):1
Criado R, Flores J, González-Vasco MI, Pello J (2007) Choosing a leader on a complex network. JCAM 204(1):10–17
Criado R, Flores J, García del Amo A, Romance M (2011) Analytical relationships between metric and centrality measures of a network and its dual. JCAM 235(7):1775–1780
Criado R, Flores J, García del Amo A, Romance M (2012) Structural properties of the line-graphs associated to directed networks. Networks Heterogen Med 7(3):373–384
Criado R, Flores J, García del Amo A, Gómez-Gardeñes J, Romance M (2012) A mathematical model for networks with structures in the mesoscale. Int J Comput Math 89(3):291–309
Criado R, Romance M, Sánchez A (2012) A post-processing method for interest points location in images by using weighted line graphs complex networks. Int J Bif Chaos 22(7):1250163
Criado R, Flores J, García A, Romance M (2014) Centralities of a network and its line graph: an analytical comparison by means of their irregularity. Int J Comput Math 91(2):304–314
Criado R, Flores J, García del Amo A, Romance M, Barrena E, Mesa JA (2016) Line graphs for a multiplex network. Chaos 26(6):065309
Criado R, Moral S, Pérez A, Romance M (2018) On the edges’s PageRank and linegraphs. Chaos 28(7):075503
Crucitti P, Latora V, Porta S (2006) Centrality in networks of urban streets. Chaos 16:015113
Da Fontoura Costa L, Oliveira ON, Travieso G, Rodrigues FA, Villas Boas PR, Antiqueira L, Viana MP, Correa Rocha LE (2011) Analyzing and modeling real-world phenomena with complex networks: a survey of applications. Adv Phys 60(3):329–412
De Domenico M, Solé-Ribalta A, Cozzo E, Kivela M, Moreno Y, Porter MA, Gómez S, Arenas A (2013) Mathematical formulation of multi-layer networks. Phys Rev X 3:041022
Dogorovtsev SN, Mendes JFF (2001) Language as an evolving word web. Proc R Soc Lond B 268:2603–2606
Estrada E (2010) Netw Sci. Springer, New York
Ferrer i Cancho R, Solé RV, (2001) The Small World of Human Language. Proc R Soc Lond B 286:2261–2266
Ferrer i Cancho R, Riordan O, Bollobás B (2005) The consequences of Zipf’s law for syntax and symbolic reference. Proc Biol Sci/R Soc 272(1562):561–565
Firth JR (1951) Modes of meaning, essays and studies of the english association, N.S. 4, 118–149
Firth JR (1951) General linguistics and descriptive grammar. Trans Philol Soc 1:69–87
Firth JR (1957) A synopsis of linguistic theory 1930–1955, studies in linguistic analysis. Spec Vol Philol Soc 1:1–32
García E, Pedroche F, Romance M (2013) On the localization of the personalized pagerank of complex networks. Linear Algebra Appl 439:640–652
Halliday MAK (1966) Lexis as a linguistic level. J Linguist 2(1):57–67
Halliday MAK, Matthiessen CMIM (2004) Introduction to Functional Grammar, 3rd edn. Routledge, London
Hemminger RL, Beineke LW (1978) Line graphs and line digraphs. In: Lowell WB, Wilson RJ (eds) Selected topics in graph theory. Academic Press, New York
Hua MB, Jianga RR, Wang R, Wu QS (2009) Urban traffic simulated from the dual representation: flow, crisis and congestion. Phys Lett A 373:2007–2011
Kendall MG (1938) A new measure of rank correlation. Biometrika 30(1–2):81–89
Kivelä M, Arenas A, Barthelemy M, Gleeson JP, Moreno Y, Porter MA (2014) Multilayer networks. J Complex Netw 2(3):203–271
Liu H, Hu F (2008) What role does syntax play in a language network? EPL (Europhys Lett) 83:18002
Liu H, Cong J (2014) Empirical characterization of modern Chinese as a multi-level system from the complex network approach. J Chin Linguist 42:1–38
Liu H, Xu C, Liang J (2017) Dependency distance: a new perspective on syntactic patterns in natural languages. Phys Life Rev 21:171–193
Martincic S, Margan D, Mestrovic A (2016) Multilayer network of language: a unified framework for structural analysis of linguistic subsystems. Phys Rev E 74:026102
Masucci A, Rodgers G (2006) Network properties of written human language. Physica A 457:117–128
Mehler A, Lűcking A, Banisch S, Blanchard P, Frank-Job B (eds) (2016) Towards a theoretical framework for analyzing complex linguistics networks. Springer, Berlin
Moral S, Chapela V, Criado R, Pérez A, Romance M (2015) Efficient algorithms for estimating loss of information in a complex network: applications to intentional risk analysis. Netw Heterogen Med 10(1):195–208
Navigli R (2009) Word sense disambiguation: a survey. ACM Comput Surv 41(2):1–69
Newman M (2010) Networks: an introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Pastor MLC (2007) La variación del lenguaje de especialidad en artículos científicos. Pragmalingűística 15–16:71–83
Pedroche F, Romance M, Criado R (2016) A biplex approach to PageRank centrality: from classic to multiplex networks. Chaos 26(6):065301
Pinker S (1994) The language instinct. HarperCollins, New York
Sager JC (1990) A practical course in terminology processing. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam
Sinclair J (1991) Corpus, concordance, collocation. Describing english language. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Solé RV (2005) Syntax for free? Nature 434:289
Solé RV, Corominas-Murtra B, Valverde S, Steels L (2010) Language networks: their function, and evolution. Complexity 15(6):20–26
Varó E, A (2000) El inglés profesional y académico, Alianza
Wasserman S, Faust K (1994) Social network analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Whitney SH (1932) Congruent graphs and the connectivity of graphs. Am J Math 54(1):150–168
Zipf GL (1965) Human behavior and the principle of least effort. Hafner
Acknowledgements
This work has been partially supported by projects PGC2018-101625-B-I00 (Spanish Ministry, AEI/FEDER, UE) and M1993 (URJC Grant).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work has been partially supported by projects PGC2018-101625-B-I00 (Spanish Ministry, AEI/FEDER, UE) and M1993 (URJC Grant).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Criado-Alonso, A., Battaner-Moro, E., Aleja, D. et al. Using complex networks to identify patterns in specialty mathematical language: a new approach. Soc. Netw. Anal. Min. 10, 69 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-020-00684-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-020-00684-1