Abstract
Mutations of Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene were looked as the third cause of non-syndromic intellectual disability (NSID), while the boundary between true disease-causing mutations and non-disease-causing variants within this gene remains elusive. To investigate the relationship between ARX mutations and NSID, a panel comprising six reported causal mutations of the ARX was detected in 369 sporadic NSID patients and 550 random participants in Chinese. Two mutations, c.428_451 dup and p.G286S, may be disease-causing mutations for NSID, while p.Q163R and p.P353L showed a great predictive value in female NSID diagnosis with significant associations (X2 = 19.60, p = 9.54e−6 for p.Q163R; X2 = 25.70, p = 4.00e−07 for p.P353L), carriers of these mutations had an increased risk of NSID of more than fourfold. Detection of this panel also predicted significant associations between genetic variants of the ARX gene and NSID (p = 3.73e−4). The present study emphasized the higher genetic burden of the ARX gene on NSID in the Chinese population, molecular analysis of this gene should be considered for patients presenting NSID of unknown etiology.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to all participants and our clinical collaborators for subject recruitment, evaluation and mutation scanning. This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31371237) to Junlin Li, (No. 31340028), Kejin Zhang, and (No. 31100899) Zhangyan Shi. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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KJZ and XCG conceived and designed the experiments; HZ, XYJ, FCZ and SPH investigated, recruited and evaluated the patients and random sample; ZYS, YFW performed the experiments; KJZ and XCG analyzed the data; XFL, YFW and ZBW wrote the paper.
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Wu YF, Liu XF, Zhang H, Shi ZY, Li HL, Wang ZB, Jie XY, Huang SP, Zhang FC, Li JL, Zhagn KJ and Gao XC declare that they have no conflict to interest.
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This study had been approved by the Ethics Committee of Northwest University.
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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their guardian in the study.
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Wu, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, X. et al. Mutations of ARX and non-syndromic intellectual disability in Chinese population. Genes Genom 41, 125–131 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-018-0745-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-018-0745-6