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A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Didymosphaeriaceae (= Montagnulaceae)

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Abstract

The ascomycetous families, Didymosphaeriaceae and Montagnulaceae, have been treated in Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, and both include saprobes, endophytes and pathogens associated with a wide variety of substrates worldwide. Didymosphaeriaceae was characterized by 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the asci, while species in Montagnulaceae had 1 to multi-septate ascospores and generally cellular pseudoparaphyses. In recent treatments, Bimuria, Didymocrea, Kalmusia, Karstenula, Montagnula, Paraphaeosphaeria, Paraconiothyrium and Letendraea were placed in Montagnulaceae, while only Didymosphaeria has been placed in Didymosphaeriaceae. New morphological and molecular data from recent collections have become available and thus the understanding of the families can be improved. Based on analyses of concatenated internal transcribed spacer (ITS) with LSU, SSU and β-tubulin gene sequences, the taxonomy of the genera classified in these families are re-assessed. Our phylogenetic analyses conclude that, the recently introduced Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii with Paraconiothyrium brasiliense species complex, Alloconiothyrium, Bimuria, Deniquelata, Didymocrea, Kalmusia, Karstenula, Letendraea, Montagnula, Neokalmusia, Paraconiothyrium, Paraphaeosphaeria, Phaeodothis and Tremateia, forms a robust clade named here Didymosphaeriaceae. We therefore synonymize Montagnulaceae under Didymosphaeriaceae which is the oldest name and has priority and provide a update account of the family. Didymosphaeria is represented by Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii. A new genus, Neokalmusia, is introduced in the family to accommodate the bambusicolous taxa Kalmusia brevispora and K. scabrispora. This introduction is based on molecular data coupled with morphology. One new species, Paraconiothyrium magnoliae and the sexual morph of Paraconiothyrium fuckelii, is also introduced. Julella and Barria are assigned to the family based on morphological similarity with Didymosphaeriaceae. Wilmia (previously referred to the Phaeosphaeriaceae) is synonymized under Letendraea (Didymosphaeriaceae). Furthermore, a new species, Letendraea cordylinicola, is introduced and placed in Didymosphaeriaceae based on phylogeny and morphology. The paraphyletic nature of Paraconiothyrium is partially resolved, but further sampling with fresh collections and molecular data of species in this genus are needed to obtain a natural classification.

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Acknowledgments

MFLU grant number 56101020032 is thanked for supporting studies on Dothideomycetes. We are also grateful to the Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Rai, Thailand for funding. Kevin D. Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences, project number 2013T2S0030, for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany. Jian-Chu Xu would like to thank Humidtropics, a CGIAR Research Program that aims to develop new opportunities for improved livelihoods in a sustainable environment, for partially funding this work. H.A Ariyawansa and J.C. Kang are grateful to the Agricultural Science and Technology Foundation Of Guizhou Province (Nos. NY[2013]3042), the International Collaboration Plan of Guizhou Province (No. G [2012]7006) and the innovation team construction For Science and Technology Of Guizhou Province (No. [2012]4007) from the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province, China. K. Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS, 25440199) for financial support. Gareth Jones is supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program (DSFP), King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Hiran Ariyawansa is grateful to A.D Ariyawansa, D.M.K Ariyawansa Dhanuska Udayanaga and Dimuth Manamgoda for their valuable suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People’s Republic of China

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Jian-Chu Xu & Kevin D. Hyde

  2. World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia and Central, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People’s Republic of China

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Jian-Chu Xu & Kevin D. Hyde

  3. The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa & Ji-Chuan Kang

  4. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Kasun M. Thambugala, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Qing Tian, Sinang Hongsanan, Jutamart Monkai, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Ausanan Mapook, Ekachai Chukeatirote & Kevin D. Hyde

  5. Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Kasun M. Thambugala, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Qing Tian, Sinang Hongsanan, Jutamart Monkai, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Ausanan Mapook, Ekachai Chukeatirote & Kevin D. Hyde

  6. Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan

    Kazuaki Tanaka

  7. A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy

    Erio Camporesi

  8. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag, 92170, Auckland, New Zealand

    Eric H. C. McKenzie

  9. Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    E. B. Gareth Jones

Authors
  1. Hiran A. Ariyawansa
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  2. Kazuaki Tanaka
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  3. Kasun M. Thambugala
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  4. Rungtiwa Phookamsak
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  5. Qing Tian
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  6. Erio Camporesi
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  7. Sinang Hongsanan
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  8. Jutamart Monkai
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  9. Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
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  10. Ausanan Mapook
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  11. Ekachai Chukeatirote
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  12. Ji-Chuan Kang
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  13. Jian-Chu Xu
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  14. Eric H. C. McKenzie
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  15. E. B. Gareth Jones
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  16. Kevin D. Hyde
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kevin D. Hyde.

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Ariyawansa, H.A., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M. et al. A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Didymosphaeriaceae (= Montagnulaceae). Fungal Diversity 68, 69–104 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0305-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0305-6

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