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Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvant in local Rift Valley Fever inactivated vaccine

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Abstract

The present study aimed to improve the potency of inactivated Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) vaccine using chitosan (CS) or chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) as adjuvants. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) inactivated antigen was loaded on CS and CNP to form two vaccine formulations, RVFV-chitosan nanoparticles based vaccine (RVFV-CNP) and RVFV chitosan based vaccine (RVFV-CS). Five groups of mice were used in this study, each group was injected with one of the following: phosphate buffer saline (group1 G1), RVFV-CNP (G2), (RVF-CS) (G3), RVFV-Alum based vaccine (RVFV-Alum) (G4) and adjuvant free RVFV inactivated antigen (RVFV-Ag) (G5). The immunization was performed twice with 2 weeks interval. The results showed that, RVFV-CNP vaccine enhanced strongly the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage (PM), neutralization antibodies titer against RVFV and IgG values against RVFV nucleoprotein than other vaccine formulations did. In addition, the RVFV-CNP and RVF-CS vaccines upregulate the gene expression of IL-2, IFN-γ (which promote cell mediated immunity) and IL-4 (which promote humeral immunity), while RVFV-Alum vaccine upregulate the gene expression of IL-4 only. These findings indicated that CS and CNP were comparable to the alum as adjuvant in efficacy but superior to it in inducing cell-mediated immune response and might be a candidate adjuvant for inactivated RVFV vaccine.

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Acknowledgements

This work supported by the Animal Health Research Institute-Egypt, Holding Company for Biological products, Vaccines and Drugs (VACSERA)-Egypt and the National Research Centre-Egypt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Ashgan F. El-Sissi & Farida H. Mohamed

  2. Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Nadia M. Danial

  3. Holding Company for Biological products and Vaccines (VACSERA), Giza, Egypt

    Ali Q. Gaballah

  4. Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Center of Excellence, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt

    Korany A. Ali

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  1. Ashgan F. El-Sissi
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  2. Farida H. Mohamed
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Correspondence to Korany A. Ali.

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The study was approved by the ethics committee of Animal Health Research Institute and the National Research Centre-Egypt.

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El-Sissi, A.F., Mohamed, F.H., Danial, N.M. et al. Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvant in local Rift Valley Fever inactivated vaccine. 3 Biotech 10, 88 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-2076-y

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