Abstract
In the present study, effects of chemical (ethanol, HCl and sulphuric acid) pretreatment on various dehulling parameters of flaxseed (cv. Garima) including yield, hull, hullability, extraction rate and embryo (dehulled flaxseed) recovery were studied. Pretreated flaxseed, at 3.1 to 3.6 % moisture range (p > 0.05) were dehulled for 60 s in a laboratory model rice polisher/dehulling machine at 2,000 rpm followed by aspiration (hull separation) using a laboratory model aspirator. The study revealed that chemical pre-dehulling treatment of flaxseed plays a significant role in the embryo recovery of flaxseed. Both ethanol and HCl pre-dehulling treatment enhanced but sulphuric acid pretreatment reduced the embryo recovery of flaxseed. Moreover, HCL and Sulphuric acid deteriorated the quality of hull obtained during dehulling, hence may not be considered for flaxseed dehulling. The study showed the maximum embryo recovery from ethanol pretreated flaxseed, hence ethanol pre-dehulling treatment with 2 h tempering time may be considered for effective flaxseed dehulling.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aldercreutz H (2007) Lignans and human health. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 44(5):483–525
AOAC (1984) Official methods of analysis, 14th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington
Barnwal P, Singh KK, Mridula D, Kumar R, Rehal J (2010) Effect of moisture content and residence time on dehulling of flaxseed. J Food Sci Tech 47(6):662–667
Bell JM, Keith MO (1993) Nutritional evaluation of linseed meals from flax with yellow or brown hulls, using mice and pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 43:1–18
Bhatty RS, Cherdkiagumchai P (1990) Compositional analysis of laboratory–prepared and commercial samples of linseed meal and of hull isolated from flax. J Am Oil Chem Soc 67:79–84
Blessin CW, Deatherage WL, Inglett GE (1970) Chemical dehulling of dent corn. Cereal Chem 47:303–308
Clark WF, Muir AD, Westcott ND, Parbtani A (2000) A novel treatment for lupus nephritis: lignan precursor derived from flax. Lupus 9:429–436
Cui W, Mazza G, Biliaderis CG (1994) Chemical structure, molecular size distributions, and rheological properties of flaxseed gum. J Agric Food Chem 42:1811–1895
Cunnane SC, Ganguli S, Menard C, Liede AC, Hamadeh MJ, Che ZY, Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA (1993) High α–linolenic acid flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): some nutritional properties in humans. Br J Nutr 49:443–453
Dev DK, Quensel E (1988) Preparation and functional properties of linseed protein products containing differing levels of mucilage. J Food Sci 53:1834–1837
Fedenuik RW, Biliaderis CG (1994) Composition and physicochemical properties of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) mucilage. J Agric Food Chem 42:240–247
Garden-Robinson J (1994) Flaxseed gum: extraction, composition, and selected applications. Proceedings of the 55th Flax Institute of the United States, Fargo, ND, pp. 154–165
Gorder DD, Dolecek TA, Coleman GG, Tillotson JL, Brown HB, Lenz-Litzow K, Bartsch GE, Grandits G (1986) Dietary intake in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT): nutrient and food group changes over 6 years. J Am Diet Assoc 86:744–751
Javed F (1999) Flaxseed a boon to our life. J Diabet Assoc Indian 39:50–51
Kettler DB (2001) Can manipulation of ratios of essential fatty acids shows the rapid rate of post menopausal bone loss? Alternative Med Rev 6(1):61–77
Lay CL, Dybing CD (1989) Linseed. In: Röbbelen G, Downey R, Ashri A (eds) Oil crops of the world. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 416–430
Li D, Sinclair A, Wilson A, Nakkote S, Kelly F, Abedin L, Mann N, Turner A (1999) Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men. Am J Clin Nutr 69(5):872–882
Mazza G, Biliaderis CG (1989) Functional properties of flax seed mucilage. J Food Sci 54(5):1302–1305
Mazza G, Biliaderis CG, Oomah BD (1992) Extraction and functional properties of flaxseed gum. Proceedings of the 54th Flax Institute of the United States, Fargo, ND, pp. 84–92
Mridula D, Singh KK, Barnwal P (2011) Development of omega-3 rich energy bar with flaxseed. J Food Sci Tech. doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0425-x
Oomah BD (2001) Flaxseed as a functional food source. J Sci Food Agr 81(9):889–894
Oomah BD, Mazza G, Kenaschuk EO (1996) Dehulling characteristics of flaxseed. Lebensm Wiss Technol 29:245–250
Pohjanheimo TA, Hakala MA, Tahvonen RL, Salminen SJ, Kallio HP (2006) Flaxseed in breed making: Effects on sensory quality, aging, and composition of bakery products. J Food Sci 71:5343–5348
Prasad K, Mantha SV, Muir AD, Westcott ND (1998) Reduction of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by CDC-flaxseed with very low alphalinolenic acid. Atherosclerosis 136:367–375
Sastry MCS, Subramanian N, Rajagopalan R (1969) Studies on the wet dehulling of sesame seed to obtain superior grade protein concentrate. J Am Oil Chem Soc 46:592A–596A
Singh KK, Mridula D, Barnwal P, Rehal J (2011) Selected engineering and biochemical properties of 11 flaxseed varieties. Food Bioproc Technol. doi:10.1007/s11947-011-0607-6
Smith AK, Johnsen VL, Berkel AC (1946) Linseed proteins alkali dispersion and acid precipitation. Ind Eng Chem 38:353–356
Spence JD, Thornton T, Muir AD, Westcott ND (2003) The effect of flax seed cultivars with differing content of alpha-linolenic acid and lignans on responses to mental stress. J Am Coll Nutr 22:494–501
Sreedhara N, Arumughan C, Narayanan CS (1992) Dehulling of palm kernel of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) to obtain superior-grade palm kernel flour and oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 69(10):1015–1018
Susheelamma NS (1987) Isolation and properties of linseed mucilage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 24:103–106
Wannerberger K, Nylander T, Nyman M (1991) Rheological and chemical properties of mucilage in different varieties from linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Acta Agr Scand 41:311–319
Acknowledgement
Financial assistance received from Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, New Delhi, India for this study is duly acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mridula, D., Barnwal, P., Gurumayum, S. et al. Effect of chemical pretreatment on dehulling parameters of flaxseed (cv. Garima). J Food Sci Technol 51, 2228–2233 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0699-7
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0699-7