Abstract
The communication between medical students and cancer caregivers, and the problems they have experienced as well as the outcomes for their professional development before starting clinical practice was assessed in the context of a student research project. Data were collected by questionnaires or by 20 to 40-min long interviews with cancer caregivers. Their communications with physicians, hearing the bad news, and health service satisfaction were questioned. Therefore, the caregivers trusted the professional approach of their physician. However, they expected more empathic communication in the process of diagnosis and therapy. Development of empathy and trust-based communication between patients and physicians and enhancement of the quality of devoted time to cancer patients and caregivers may have an effect on the course of disease. Interviewer students mentioned that they developed communication skills about difficult clinical tasks and in delivering bad news face to face to cancer caregivers before starting their clinical education.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
DiBlasi Z, Harkness E, Ernst E, Georgiou A, Kleijnen J (2001) Influence of context effects on health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 357:757–762
Stewart MA (1995) Effective physician–patient communication and health outcomes: a review. CMAJ 152:1423–1433
Stewart M, Brown JB, Donner A, McWhinney IR, Oates J, Weston WW et al (2000) The impact of patient-centered care on outcomes. J Fam Pract 49:796–804
Griffin SJ, Kinmouth A, Veltman M, Grant J, Stewart M (2004) Effect on health-related outcomes of interventions to alter the interaction between patients and practitioners: a systematic review of trials. Ann Fam Med 2:595–608
Squier RW (1990) A model of empathic understanding and adherence to treatment regimens in practitioner–patient relationships. Soc Sci Med 30:325–329
Maguire P, Faulkner A, Booth K, Elliot C, Hiller V (1996) Helping cancer patients disclose their concerns. Eur J Cancer Care 32A:78–81
Coulehan J, Platt F, Egener B, Frankel R, Lin CT, Lown B et al (2001) “Let me see if I have this right …”. Words that build empathy. Ann Intern Med 135:221–227
Beckman HB, Frankel RM (2003) Training practitioners to communicate effectively in cancer care: it is the relationship that counts. Patient Educ Couns 50:85–89
Neumann M, Wirtz M, Bollschweiler E, Warm M, Wolf J, Pfaff H (2008) Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the “Consultation and Relational Empathy” (CARE) measure at the example of cancer patients [in German]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 58:5–15
Larson EB, Yao Y (2005) Clinical empathy as emotional labor in the patient–physician relationship. JAMA 293:1100–1106
Halpern J (2001) From detached concern to empathy: humanizing medical practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Neumann M, Wirtz M, Bollschweiler E, Mercer SW, Warm M, Wolf J et al (2007) Determinants and patient-reported long-term outcomes of physician empathy in oncology: a structural equation modelling approach. Patient Educ Couns 69:63–75
Kim SS, Kaplowitz S, Johnston MV (2004) The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance. Eval Health Prof 27:237–251
Roter DL, Stewart M, Putnam S, Lipkin MJ, Stiles W, Inui T (1997) Communication patterns of primary care physicians. JAMA 277:350–356
Levinson W, Gorawa-Bhat R, Lamb J (2000) A study of patient cues and physician responses in primary care and surgical settings. JAMA 284:1021–1027
Mercer SW, Reynolds WJ (2002) Empathy and quality of care. Br J Gen Pract 52(suppl):S9–S13
Price S, Mercer SW, MacPherson H (2006) Practitioner empathy, patient enablement and health outcomes: a prospective study of acupuncture patients. Patient Educ Couns 63:239–245
Association of American Medical Colleges (1999) Report I: Learning objectives for medical student education—guidelines for medical student education school. Acad Med 74:461–462
Frank JR (2005) The CanMEDS 2005 physician competency framework. Better standards. Better physicians. Better care. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa
Neumann M, Edelhauser F, Tauschel D, Fischer MR, Wirtz M, Woopen C et al (2011) Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Acad Med 86:996–1009
Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) (2002) Project of The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation, The American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine (ACP–ASIM) Foundation, and The Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium A Physician Charter. Eur J Intern Med 13:215–219
Ebstein RM, Hundert EM (2002) Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA 2:226–235
General Medical Council (2009) Tomorrow’s Doctors
Goldie J (2008) Integrating professionalism teaching into undergraduate medical education in the UK setting. Med Teach 30:513–527
Gulpinar MA, Akman M, User I (2009) A course, ‘The Human in Medicine’, as an example of a preclinical medical humanities program: a summary of 7 years. Med Teach 31:e469–e476
Horvath LE, Yoldan E, Malhotra D, Leyva I, Bortel K, Schalk D et al (2010) Multidisciplinary care in the oncology setting: historical perspective and data from lung and gynecology multidisciplinary clinics. J Oncol Pract 6:e21–e26
Wiederholt PA, Cannor NP, Hartiq GK, Harari PM (2007) Bringing gaps in multidisciplinary head and neck cancer cure: nursing coordination and case management. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 69:S88–S91
Jansma FF, Schure LM, de Jong BM (2005) Support requirements for caregivers of patients with palliative cancer. Patient Educ Couns 58:182–186
Kalnins I (2006) Caring for the terminally ill: experiences of Latvian family caregivers. Int Nurs Rev 53:129–135
Kimberlin C, Brushwood D, Allen W, Radson E, Wilson D (2004) Cancer patient and caregiver experiences: communication and pain management issues. J Pain Symptom Manag 28:566–578
Ferrance E (2000) Action research. LAB at Brown University The Education Alliance. http://www.lab.brown.edu/pubs/themes_ed/act_research.pdf Accessed 15 Sep 2011
Hendricks C (2006) Improving schools trough action research: a comprehensive guide for educators. Pearson Education, Inc., Boston
Mills GE (2003) Action research: a guide for the teacher researcher, 2nd edn. Merrill Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Parker PA, Baile WF, de Moor C, Lenzi R, Kudelka AP, Cohen L (2001) Breaking bad news about cancer: patients’ preferences for communication. J Clin Oncol 19:2049–2056
Kirk P, Kirk I, Kristjanson LJ (2004) What do patients receiving palliative care for cancer and their families want to be told? A Canadian and Australian qualitative study. BMJ 328:1343
Oksuzoglu B, Abali H, Bakar M, Yildirim N, Zengin N (2006) Disclosure of cancer diagnosis to patients and their relatives in Turkey: views of accompanying persons and influential factors in reaching those views. Tumori 92:62–66
Hoff L, Hermeren G (2008) Information from physicians and retention of information by patients—obstacles to the awareness of patients of progressing disease when life is near the end. BMC Palliat Care 7:1–8
Silver HJ, Wellman NS (2002) Nutrition education may reduce burden in family caregivers of older adults. J Nutr Educ Behav 34:S53–S58
Atasoy BM, Ozgen Z, Yuksek Kantas O, Demirel B, Aksu A, Dane F et al (2011) Interdisciplinary collaboration in management of nutrition during chemoradiotherapy in cancer patients: a pilot study. Marmara Med J (in press)
Northouse LL, Mood D, Kershaw T, Scafenacker A, Mellon S, Walker J et al (2002) Quality of life women with recurrent breast cancer and their family members. J Clin Oncol 20:4050–4064
Baile WF, Buckman R, Lenzi R, Glober G, Beale EA, Kudelka AP (2000) SPIKES—a six-step protocol for delivering bad news: application to the patient with cancer. Oncologist 5:302–311
Lewin LO, Cole-Kelly K, Greenfield M (2001) A year-long course for third-year students on ethics, professionalism, and communication. Acad Med 76:511
Abacioglu U, Sarikaya O, Iskit S, Sengoz M (2004) Problem based integrated multidisciplinary program: clinical approach to cancer patients. J Cancer Educ 19:144–148
Sarikaya O, Uzuner A, Gulpinar MA et al (2004) Communication skills education in the University of Marmara Medical School. International Conference On Communication in Healthcare, Abstract Book, No. 2C-12.06
Sarikaya O, Gulpinar MA (2006) Marmara University School of Medicine lecture for communication skills and giving bad news. IV. National Medical Education Congress, Abstract Book, p. 59
McNeilly DP, Wengel SP (2001) The “ER” seminar teaching psychotherapeutic techniques to medical students. Acad Psychiatry 25:193–200
Edinger W, Robertson JD, Skeel J, Div M, Schoonmaker J (1999) Using standardized patients to teach clinical ethics. Medical College of Ohio at Toledo. Med Educ Online, 4, 4
Ferrrell BR, Winn R (2006) Medical and nursing education and training opportunities to improve survivorship care. J Clin Oncol 24:5142–5148
Conflicts of Interest
All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest financial or non-financial.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Atasoy, B.M., Sarikaya, O., Kuscu, M.K. et al. Students Meeting with Caregivers of Cancer Patient: Results of an Experience-Based Learning Project. J Canc Educ 27, 656–663 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-012-0387-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-012-0387-3