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Diabète chez les nouveaux cas de tuberculose pulmonaire à Hanoï, Vietnam

Diabetes among new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hanoï, Vietnam

  • Santé Publique / Public Health
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Résumé

L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser les nouveaux cas de tuberculose pulmonaire et évaluer la fréquence et les conséquences d’une association avec un diabète. Bien que distinctes, ces deux maladies pourraient avoir un lien suspecté de longue date. Le contexte est celui de la persistance de l’endémie tuberculeuse et de l’émergence du diabète dans les pays en développement. Conduite au Vietnam, à l’Hôpital national de la tuberculose de Hanoï, l’étude rétrospective de type cas témoins a couvert les 3 années 2006 à 2008. Parmi les patients tuberculeux nouvellement identifiés, les cas et les témoins étaient respectivement ceux avec diabète et ceux sans diabète. L’infection à VIH et toutes les autres co-morbidités, sources potentielles de surmortalité, ont été exclues. Sur 2867 nouveaux cas de tuberculose pulmonaire, 254 (8,8 %) avaient un diabète associé. Quatrevingt-six cas et 86 témoins appariés par âge (±3 ans) et sexe ont été inclus. Chez les cas, la glycémie moyenne à l’admission était de 14,4 mmol/dl et le mode de vie était plus urbain (50 % vs 32,5 % chez les témoins, p = 0,03). L’incidence des lésions radiologiques cavitaires était plus élevée chez les cas que chez les témoins (38,3 % vs 16,3 %, p=0,002, OR=4,1), de même que les lésions d’infiltration (78 % vs 62 %, p=0,017, OR=2.55) et le taux de bacilloscopies positives (67,4 % vs 47,8 %, p=0,014, OR=2,21). Chez les tuberculeux nouvellement identifiés un diabète était trouvé chez près de 9 % des patients, associé à des lésions pulmonaires plus sévères et plus souvent bacillifères. En plus du dépistage systématique du VIH, celui du diabète pourrait être systématiquement proposé aux nouveaux patients tuberculeux.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze all new pulmonary tuberculosis cases and to assess the frequency and consequences of associated diabetes mellitus. Although apparently distinct, these two diseases could be linked, as suspected since decades. The context is the persistent endemicity of tuberculosis and the recent emergence of diabetes, two major health events for developing countries. The study was conducted at National TB hospital in Hanoï, Vietnam, and retrospectively included tuberculosis patients, cases with diabetes and controls without diabetes, collected during a three-year period 2006 - 2008. Cases associated with HIVinfection or other comorbidities potentially affecting mortality were excluded. Among 2867 new pulmonary TB cases, 254 (8.8%) had associated diabetes. Eighty-six cases and 86 matched controls were included. Among cases mean blood glucose at admission was 14.4 mmol/dl, and patients were mostly urban (50% cases vs 32.5% controls, p=0.03). Clinical symptoms were similar in both groups. However, chest X-Ray cavitary images were significantly more frequent among cases (38.3% vs 16.3%, p=0.002, OR=4.1), as did infiltrative images (78% vs 62%, p=0.017, OR=2.55) and positive sputum smears (67.4% vs 47.8%, p=0.014, OR=2.21). In Vietnam, DM is found in quasi 9% of patients with a new diagnosis of primary pulmonary TB. The diabetes-TB patients may have more severe radiologic findings and a higher smear positivity rate. We suggest that in addition to the systematic HIV screening, all new TB patients should also be screened for diabetes.

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Correspondence to Pham Minh Khue.

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Thanh, N.P., Khue, P.M., Sy, D.N. et al. Diabète chez les nouveaux cas de tuberculose pulmonaire à Hanoï, Vietnam. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 108, 337–341 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-015-0454-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-015-0454-1

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