Résumé
L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser les nouveaux cas de tuberculose pulmonaire et évaluer la fréquence et les conséquences d’une association avec un diabète. Bien que distinctes, ces deux maladies pourraient avoir un lien suspecté de longue date. Le contexte est celui de la persistance de l’endémie tuberculeuse et de l’émergence du diabète dans les pays en développement. Conduite au Vietnam, à l’Hôpital national de la tuberculose de Hanoï, l’étude rétrospective de type cas témoins a couvert les 3 années 2006 à 2008. Parmi les patients tuberculeux nouvellement identifiés, les cas et les témoins étaient respectivement ceux avec diabète et ceux sans diabète. L’infection à VIH et toutes les autres co-morbidités, sources potentielles de surmortalité, ont été exclues. Sur 2867 nouveaux cas de tuberculose pulmonaire, 254 (8,8 %) avaient un diabète associé. Quatrevingt-six cas et 86 témoins appariés par âge (±3 ans) et sexe ont été inclus. Chez les cas, la glycémie moyenne à l’admission était de 14,4 mmol/dl et le mode de vie était plus urbain (50 % vs 32,5 % chez les témoins, p = 0,03). L’incidence des lésions radiologiques cavitaires était plus élevée chez les cas que chez les témoins (38,3 % vs 16,3 %, p=0,002, OR=4,1), de même que les lésions d’infiltration (78 % vs 62 %, p=0,017, OR=2.55) et le taux de bacilloscopies positives (67,4 % vs 47,8 %, p=0,014, OR=2,21). Chez les tuberculeux nouvellement identifiés un diabète était trouvé chez près de 9 % des patients, associé à des lésions pulmonaires plus sévères et plus souvent bacillifères. En plus du dépistage systématique du VIH, celui du diabète pourrait être systématiquement proposé aux nouveaux patients tuberculeux.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze all new pulmonary tuberculosis cases and to assess the frequency and consequences of associated diabetes mellitus. Although apparently distinct, these two diseases could be linked, as suspected since decades. The context is the persistent endemicity of tuberculosis and the recent emergence of diabetes, two major health events for developing countries. The study was conducted at National TB hospital in Hanoï, Vietnam, and retrospectively included tuberculosis patients, cases with diabetes and controls without diabetes, collected during a three-year period 2006 - 2008. Cases associated with HIVinfection or other comorbidities potentially affecting mortality were excluded. Among 2867 new pulmonary TB cases, 254 (8.8%) had associated diabetes. Eighty-six cases and 86 matched controls were included. Among cases mean blood glucose at admission was 14.4 mmol/dl, and patients were mostly urban (50% cases vs 32.5% controls, p=0.03). Clinical symptoms were similar in both groups. However, chest X-Ray cavitary images were significantly more frequent among cases (38.3% vs 16.3%, p=0.002, OR=4.1), as did infiltrative images (78% vs 62%, p=0.017, OR=2.55) and positive sputum smears (67.4% vs 47.8%, p=0.014, OR=2.21). In Vietnam, DM is found in quasi 9% of patients with a new diagnosis of primary pulmonary TB. The diabetes-TB patients may have more severe radiologic findings and a higher smear positivity rate. We suggest that in addition to the systematic HIV screening, all new TB patients should also be screened for diabetes.
Références
Alisjahbana B, Sahiratmadja E, Nelwan EJ, et al (2007) The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the presentation and treatment response of pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 45(4):428–35
Alisjahbana B, van Crevel R, Sahiratmadja E, et al (2006) Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with tuberculosis in Indonesia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10(6):696–700
American Thoracic Society. (2000) Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161(4 Pt 1):1376–95
Bacakoglu F, Basoglu OK, Cok G, et al (2001) Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Respiration 68(6):595–600
Banyai AL (1931) Diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuber 24:17
Hoa NB, Cobelens FG, Sy DN, et al (2013) First national tuberculin survey in Viet Nam: characteristics and association with tuberculosis prevalence. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 17(6):738–44
Hunt WR, Zughaier SM, Guentert DE, et al (2014) Hyperglycemia impedes lung bacterial clearance in a murine model of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 306(1):L43–49
Jabbar A, Hussain SF, Khan AA (2006) Clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in adult Pakistani patients with coexisting diabetes mellitus. East Mediterr Health J 12(5):522–7
Jeon CY, Murray MB (2008) Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis: a systematic review of 13 observational studies. PLoS Med 5(7):e152
Ministry of Health (2012) Vietnam National Health Survey 2011–2012. Hanoi: Ministry of Health & General Statistical Office.
Nissapatorn V, Kuppusamy I, Jamaiah I, et al (2005) Tuberculosis in diabetic patients: a clinical perspective. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36(Suppl 4):213–20
Pablos-Méndez A, Blustein J, Knirsch CA, et al (1997) The role of diabetes mellitus in the higher prevalence of tuberculosis among Hispanics. Am J Public Health 87(4):574–9
Pérez-Guzman C, Torres-Cruz A, Villarreal-Velarde H, et al (2001) Atypical radiological images of pulmonary tuberculosis in 192 diabetic patients: a comparative study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 5 (5):455–61
Pérez-Guzman C, Torres-Cruz A, Villarreal-Velarde H, Vargas MH (2000) Progressive age-related changes in pulmonary tuberculosis images and the effect of diabetes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162(5):1738–40
Ponce-De-Leon A, Garcia-Garcia Md Mde L, Garcia-Sancho MC, et al (2004) Tuberculosis and diabetes in southern Mexico. Diabetes Care 27(7):1584–90
Restrepo BI, Fisher-Hoch SP, Crespo JG, et al (2007) Type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis in a dynamic bi-national border population. Epidemiol Infect 135(3):483–91
Shaikh MA, Singla R, Khan NB, et al (2003) Does diabetes alter the radiological presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis. Saudi Med J 24(3):278–81
Singla R, Khan N, Al-Sharif N, et al (2006) Influence of diabetes on manifestations and treatment outcome of pulmonary TB patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10(1):74–9
Stevenson CR, Critchley JA, Forouhi NG, et al (2007) Diabetes and the risk of tuberculosis: a neglected threat to public health? Chronic Illn 3(3):228–45
Stevenson CR, Forouhi NG, Roglic G, et al (2007) Diabetes and tuberculosis: the impact of the diabetes epidemic on tuberculosis incidence. BMC Public Health 7:234
World Health Organization (2008) Global tuberculosis control — surveillance, planning, financing. In W. R. 2008 (Ed.), WHO/ HTM/TB/2008.393. Geneva: World Health Organization, 294 p
World Health Organization (2013) Diabetes Fact sheet N°312. Retrieved April 7th, 2014, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/
World Health Organization (2014) Tuberculosis. Fact sheet N°104. Retrieved April 7th, 2014, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Thanh, N.P., Khue, P.M., Sy, D.N. et al. Diabète chez les nouveaux cas de tuberculose pulmonaire à Hanoï, Vietnam. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 108, 337–341 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-015-0454-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-015-0454-1
Mots clés
- Association tuberculose/diabète
- Clinique
- Radiologie
- Charge bacillaire
- Hôpital
- Hanoï
- Vietnam
- Asie du Sud-Est