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The phylogeny of halichondrid demosponges: past and present re-visited with DNA-barcoding data

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Abstract

Halichondrid sponges play a pivotal role in the classification of demosponges as changes in their classification has had direct consequences for the classification of Demospongiae. Historically, the systematics of halichondrids has been unstable. During the 1950s, the order was divided into two subclasses, which were based on empirical and assumed reproductive data. Subsequent morphological and biochemical analyses postulated the re-merging of halichondrid families, but recent molecular data indicate their polyphyly. Here we review the classification history of halichondrid taxa, compare it with the current and predominantly ribosomal molecular data, and support the new phylogenetic hypotheses with mitochondrial data from DNA barcoding.

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Acknowledgements

The Sponge Barcoding Project thanks The Marine Barcode of Life initiative (MarBol), funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the GeoBio-CenterLMU, for financing the subsampling and extraction of 17,000 sponge specimens of the Queensland Museum. We thank the DNA Bank at the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (http://www.zsm.mwn.de/dnabank) for collaboration in DNA subsampling and storage. G.W. acknowledges funding by the German Science Foundation (DFG) through the “Deep Metazoan Phylogeny” Priority Program (Project Wo896/6). We furthermore thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Dirk Erpenbeck, Gabriele Büttner, Katharina Sacher, Simone Schätzle, Astrid Schuster, Sergio Vargas & Gert Wörheide

  2. Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Qld, 4101, Australia

    Dirk Erpenbeck, Kathryn Hall & John N. A. Hooper

  3. GeoBio-CenterLMU Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Dirk Erpenbeck & Gert Wörheide

  4. Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, NT, 0820, Australia

    Belinda Alvarez

  5. Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Gert Wörheide

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  1. Dirk Erpenbeck
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  2. Kathryn Hall
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  3. Belinda Alvarez
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  5. Katharina Sacher
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  9. John N. A. Hooper
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  10. Gert Wörheide
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Correspondence to Dirk Erpenbeck.

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Erpenbeck, D., Hall, K., Alvarez, B. et al. The phylogeny of halichondrid demosponges: past and present re-visited with DNA-barcoding data. Org Divers Evol 12, 57–70 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0068-9

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