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Inhibition of HMGB1 reduced high glucose-induced BMSCs apoptosis via activation of AMPK and regulation of mitochondrial functions

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Abstract

High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) participates actively in oxidative stress damage, and the latter relates closely to diabetes and diabetic complications including osteoporosis, though the underlying mechanisms are elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high glucose on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) apoptosis and the role of HMGB1 in this process. BMSCs were isolated from 2-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in medium containing normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG), high glucose + glycyrrhizin (HMGB1 inhibitor, HG+GL), and high glucose + glycyrrhizin + dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor, HG+GL+Dm), respectively. Cell apoptosis, expression of HMGB1, AMPK, apoptotic markers, and mitochondrial functions were detected. By these approaches, we demonstrated that HG treatment significantly upregulated the expression of HMGB1 in BMSCs, which could be attenuated by GL treatment. Inhibiting HMGB1 by GL improved AMPK activation, decreased mitochondrial ROS levels, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, normalized mitochondrial fission/fusion balance, and consequently reduced apoptosis of BMSCs under HG condition. The addition of AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin hampered this protective effect. Taken together, our data show that inhibition of HMGB1 can be an effective approach to alleviate HG-induced BMSCs apoptosis by activation of AMPK pathway and relieving mitochondrial dysfunction.

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Availability of data and material

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant No. 2016YFC1102704), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 81771113 and No. 81870802) and the Research Fund for Resin Material of Chinese Stomatology Association CSA-R2018-05(G. XQ).

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  1. Beilei Liu and Xueqi Gan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 S Renmin Rd. 3rd Sec, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China

    Beilei Liu, Xueqi Gan, Yuwei Zhao, Jing Gao & Haiyang Yu

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  1. Beilei Liu
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  2. Xueqi Gan
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  3. Yuwei Zhao
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  5. Haiyang Yu
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Experimental funding acquisition, study guidance and supervision were performed by Haiyang Yu and Xueqi Gan. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Beilei Liu, Yuwei Zhao, and Jing Gao. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Beilei Liu and Xueqi Gan. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Haiyang Yu.

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This study was approved by the Research Ethics Commit of West China Hospital of Stomatology (Approval No. WCHSIRB-D-2017-110).

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Key Points

• High glucose induces HMGB1 upregulation and cell apoptosis in BMSCs.

• High glucose causes mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial fragmentation.

• Inhibiting HMGB1 promotes AMPK activation and reduced apoptosis.

• Inhibiting HMGB1 relieves mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial fragmentation through AMPK activation.

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Liu, B., Gan, X., Zhao, Y. et al. Inhibition of HMGB1 reduced high glucose-induced BMSCs apoptosis via activation of AMPK and regulation of mitochondrial functions. J Physiol Biochem 77, 227–235 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-021-00784-2

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