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Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antiparasitary Activities of Green Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Water-Soluble Melanins of Fruits

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Abstract

Up to date, fruit melanins have not been employed to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs). Crescentia alata, Randia echinocarpa, and Vitex mollis fruit are used in traditional medicine, and their soluble melanins (SMes) have high antioxidant activity. These SMes were used to prepare silver (green-AgNPs) and gold (green-AuNPs) NPs and evaluate their antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP), activity against human pathogens (bacteria and the parasite Hymenolepis nana), and toxicity (Artemia salina assay). All SMes were useful to synthesize green-AgNPs but only V. mollis SMe for green-AuNPs. Infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that SMe is on the green-NPs surface. TEM showed 13–31-nm spherical green-AgNPs and 2–16-nm spherical and cylindrical green-AuNPs. Green-AgNPs showed higher antioxidant (FRAP = 3.4–725.4 µmol TE g−1; DPPH = 10.9–748.2 µmol TE g−1) and antibacterial (MIC = 1.85–15 µg mL−1; MBC = 3.7–30 µg mL−1) activities than the chemical-NPs. Moreover, the green-NPs (25 mg mL−1) were active against H. nana with the following times (min) (paralysis, death): green-AgNPs (10–40, 15–90) and V. mollis AuNPs (28, 40). The toxicity of the green-NPs (LC50 = 61.6 to > 1000 μg mL−1) depended on the SMe employed in the preparation. V. mollis NPs were the less toxic: minimal toxicity for the AgNPs (LC50 = 826.91 μg mL−1) and non-toxic for the AuNPs (LC50 > 1000 µg mL−1). Thus, the SMes are useful to obtain green-NPs of high stability that showed activities against human pathogens, suggesting their potential to be used as alternative health treatments.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Dr. Rito Vega-Aviña for plant identification and Dr. Edgar Adán Valenzuela-García (Center of Studies of Foreign Languages of the Autonomous Occidental University) for the language assistance in the manuscript preparation.

Funding

This research was partially supported by the Autonomous University of Sinaloa (PROFAPI, “Programa de Fomento y Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación,” PRO_A2_011) and the National Council for Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT, A1-S-32946).

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  1. Julio Montes-Avila and Gabriela López-Angulo contributed equally

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  1. School of Chemical and Biological Sciences of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, University City, 80010, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Julio Montes-Avila, Gabriela López-Angulo, Gisela Duarte-de-la-Peña, José Ángel López-Valenzuela & Francisco Delgado-Vargas

  2. Research Unit in Environment and Health, Autonomous University of Occident, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Gisela Duarte-de-la-Peña & Sylvia Páz Díaz-Camacho

  3. National Council for Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT)-Center for Research in Advanced Materials (CIMAV S.C), Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico

    Velia Carolina Osuna-Galindo

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Montes-Avila, J., López-Angulo, G., Duarte-de-la-Peña, G. et al. Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antiparasitary Activities of Green Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Water-Soluble Melanins of Fruits. BioNanoSci. 12, 228–240 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-022-00940-y

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